Poverty as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: A study in a developing country population

Jahanihashemi, Hassan; Babaie, Mona; Bijani, Soroush; Bazzazan, Maryam; Bijani, Behzad

doi:10.1111/ijcp.13085

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pneumonia has a particularly strong impact on vulnerable populations. CAP is frequent among refugees [10], the homeless [11][12][13][14], drug users [15,16] and people of low socioeconomic status [17] and is associated with increased mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators

et al. 2020

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Despite advances in its prevention, pneumonia remains associated with high morbidity, mortality, and health costs worldwide. Studies carried out in the last decade have indicated that more patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) now require hospitalization. In addition, pneumonia management poses many challenges, especially due to the increase in the number of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and the difficulty of rapid diagnosis. In this new call to action, we present a wide-ranging review of the information currently available on CAP and offer some reflections on ways to raise awareness of this disease among the general public. We discuss the burden of CAP and the importance of attaining better, faster microbiological diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment. We also suggest that closer cooperation between health professionals and the population at large could improve the management of this largely preventable infectious disease that takes many lives each year.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators

et al. 2020

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“…Poverty has a correlation with the business of microbiology. For instance, a study in a developing country found poverty as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) [ 4 ]. The study acknowledged that while numerous factors may affect the prognosis of CAP, poverty stands as an independent factor.…”

Section: Sdg1 – No Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating the sustainable development goals through microbiology: some efforts and opportunities

Fagunwa

Olanbiwoninu

2020

Access Microbiology

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Modernization has thrown humanity and other forms of life on our planet into a ditch of problems. Poverty, climate change, injustice and environmental degradation are a few of the shared global problems. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. The SDGs are well structured to address the global challenges we face including poverty, inequalities, hunger, climate change, environmental degradation, peace and justice. Five years into the implementation, the SDGs have been driven mainly by international donors and ‘professional’ international development organizations. The world is left with 10 years to achieve these ambitious goals and targets. Various reviews show that little has been achieved overall, and the SDGs will not be a reality if a new strategy is not in place to bring inclusion. Microbiology, the scientific discipline of microbes, their effects and practical uses has insightful influence on our day-to-day living. We present how microbiology and microbiologists could increase the scorecard and accelerate these global goals. Microbiology has a direct link to achieving SDGs addressing food security, health and wellbeing, clean energy, environmental degradation and climate change. A non-classical growing relationship exists between microbiology and other SDGs such as peace, justice, gender equality, decent work and economic growth. The pledge of ‘Leave No One Behind’ will fast track progress and microbiology is in a better position to make this work.

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“…Poverty and infectious diseases interact in complex ways [ 21 ], and poverty is a well-known risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia [ 12 , 13 ]. According to previous studies, poor individuals have a higher risk of community-acquired pneumonia as they are more likely to have uncontrolled chronic diseases and less likely to have sufficient medical resources and access to care, resulting in longer hospital stays and higher mortality [ 13 , 22 , 23 ]. In this study, patients in poverty had a slightly higher risk of HAP than those not in poverty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive risk assessment for hospital-acquired pneumonia: sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital environmental factors associated with the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia

et al. 2022

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Background Social and hospital environmental factors that may be associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) have not been evaluated. Comprehensive risk assessment for the incidence of HAP including sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital environmental factors was conducted using national health insurance claims data. Methods This is a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult patients who were hospitalized for more than 3 days from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Inpatient Sample data between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 in South Korea. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with the incidence of HAP. Results Among the 512,278 hospitalizations, we identified 25,369 (5.0%) HAP cases. In multivariable analysis, well-known risk factors associated with HAP such as older age (over 70 vs. 20–29; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.36–3.99), male sex (aOR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.32–1.39), pre-existing lung diseases (asthma [aOR, 1.73; 95% CI 1.66–1.80]; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [aOR, 1.62; 95% CI 1.53–1.71]; chronic lower airway disease [aOR, 1.79; 95% CI 1.73–1.85]), tube feeding (aOR, 3.32; 95% CI 3.16–3.50), suctioning (aOR, 2.34; 95% CI 2.23–2.47), positioning (aOR, 1.63; 95% CI 1.55–1.72), use of mechanical ventilation (aOR, 2.31; 95% CI 2.15–2.47), and intensive care unit admission (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI 1.22–1.36) were associated with the incidence of HAP. In addition, poverty (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.13), general hospitals (aOR, 1.54; 95% CI 1.39–1.70), higher bed-to-nurse ratio (Grade ≥ 5; aOR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.32–1.59), higher number of beds per hospital room (6 beds; aOR, 3.08; 95% CI 2.77–3.42), and ward with caregiver (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI 1.12–1.26) were related to the incidence of HAP. Conclusions The incidence of HAP was associated with various sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital environmental factors. Thus, taking a comprehensive approach to prevent and treat HAP is important.

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Poverty as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: A study in a developing country population

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators

Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators

Accelerating the sustainable development goals through microbiology: some efforts and opportunities

Comprehensive risk assessment for hospital-acquired pneumonia: sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital environmental factors associated with the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia

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