Poverty and mental health: policy, practice and research implications

Knifton, Lee; Inglis, Greig

doi:10.1192/bjb.2020.78

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“… Fuente ( 1 ): https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS Fuente ( 2 ): https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD Fuente ( 3 ): https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD Fuente ( 4 ): https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/poblacion …”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consecuentemente, la salud mental también se ve influida por los determinantes sociales, de los cuales la pobreza e inequidad socioeconómica están fuertemente relacionadas a un mayor riesgo de desarrollar psicopatología ( 4 ). Así, en virtud de los factores socioambientales asociados a la etiología de enfermedad mental, existen dos hipótesis predominantes de mecanismos que vinculan al trastorno mental con la desventaja socioeconómica, estos son las hipótesis de selección social y de causalidad social ( 5 ).…”

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Determinantes sociales de la salud mental: políticas públicas desde el modelo biopsicosocial en países latinoamericanos

Peña

Rubí-González

Vicente-Parada

2021

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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En este artículo se expone la evidencia sobre la implementación de políticas públicas en salud mental, con el objetivo de describir los avances y los desafíos para poner en marcha el modelo biopsicosocial y comunitario principalmente en Latinoamérica. Se realizó una revisión teórica de artículos indexados en Web Of Science, Scopus, PubMed y SciELO. Se incorporaron informes y programas gubernamentales. Los determinantes sociales impactan a la salud mental, la pobreza aumenta significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar una psicopatología. Por ello, la Organización Mundial de la Salud insiste en la necesidad de adoptar un paradigma biopsicosocial para enfrentar los desafíos de salud mental. Alrededor de un tercio de los países, todavía no cuenta con una política nacional de salud mental y existen grandes disparidades de financiamiento y cobertura para la población entre países de ingresos altos y bajos. Particularmente de Latinoamérica, los resultados ilustran un avance en países de ingresos medios y bajos, en elaborar programas de salud mental desde un enfoque comunitario y biopsicosocial. Sin embargo, presentan desafíos en su operacionalización, financiamiento y adaptación a sus realidades socioculturales. La evidencia indica que para avanzar desde un paradigma biomédico hacia uno que incorpore los determinantes sociales de la salud, no se deberían mantener idénticas estrategias en comunidades distintas, puesto que las necesidades de países de ingresos bajos y medios difieren a las de países de ingresos altos. Por ello, resulta fundamental aumentar la investigación local para generar evidencia que refleje las necesidades nacionales en materia de políticas públicas en salud mental.

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Section: Resultados Y Discusiónmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinantes sociales de la salud mental: políticas públicas desde el modelo biopsicosocial en países latinoamericanos

Peña

Rubí-González

Vicente-Parada

2021

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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“…In line with this, while participants in this project cited diverse pathways and motivations for doing sex work, economic need and a desire for a better quality of life were a common theme among those interviewed. It is well-documented that living in poverty is hugely detrimental to physical and mental health (Knifton and Ingles, 2020 ). Several participants described their involvement in sex work as a strategy that they had chosen to improve their financial situation, and also described ways in which sex work had benefitted them both mentally and physically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘I Can Lead the Life That I Want to Lead’: Social Harm, Human Needs and the Decriminalisation of Sex Work in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Armstrong

2021

Sex Res Soc Policy

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Background Sex work is commonly understood to be a risky occupation. Sex work law debates coalesce around the issue of harm, with differing perspectives regarding what constitutes harm, how harm is produced and what needs to change to mitigate it. While sex work is often portrayed as inherently harmful, sex workers and researchers have challenged this assumption, calling attention to the relationship between harm and policies in place. Criminalisation, in its many and varied forms, is thought to exacerbate harms that can occur in sex work, while decriminalisation is understood as creating conditions conducive to minimising harm. However, the decriminalisation of sex work remains rare, and more research which examines how decriminalisation works in relation to harms is critical. This paper uses the concept of social harm to unpack the implications of sex work policies and examine the experiences of sex workers in New Zealand, where sex work is decriminalised. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 46 sex workers in New Zealand in 2018 and 2020 across two studies focused on examining experiences and perceptions of stigma and discrimination in this context. The interviews were thematically analysed using NVivo data analysis software. Results The experiences of participants demonstrate how involvement in sex work had improved their lives in multiple ways. Participants described the importance of sex work in improving their quality of life by ensuring that they could better meet their everyday needs, the autonomy this afforded them and how decriminalisation helped to enable this. The validating impact of decriminalisation in acknowledging sex workers as people with rights is also evident in participant’s experiences. Conclusions Social harm is a framework that can help illuminate socio-economic harms which influence pathways into sex work for some people and the compounding harms of criminalising regimes. The benefits of engaging in sex work are often overlooked in policy debates. Although sex work is not easy work, engaging in sex work can have positive impacts on the lives of people who pursue it. Full decriminalisation of sex work is the only responsible option for societies seeking to reduce harm.

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“…In addition, severe food insecurity and hunger may also lead to acquiring foods in socially unacceptable ways, which is associated with feelings of shame and guilty (45) , increasing the risk of anxiety and depression. Finally, food insecurity is closely linked to poverty (46) , which is in turn associated with mental illness as well (47) . These mechanisms inside the pandemic frame, characterized by social isolation and fear of being infected by SARS-CoV-2, can further increase mental health symptoms and their consequences amid Covid-19 pandemic and afterwards.…”

Section: Despite Association Between Food Insecurity and Depression Have Been Wellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between food insecurity and major depressive episodes amid Covid-19 pandemic: results of four consecutive epidemiological surveys from southern Brazil

Santos

Schäfer

Meller

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the association between household food insecurity (FI) and major depressive episodes (MDE) amid Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional study carried out with data from four consecutive population-based studies. Setting: The study was conducted between May and June 2020, in Bagé, a Brazilian southern city. Household FI was measured using the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, we used two different approaches to define MDE: the cut-off point of ≥9 and the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-R). Association between FI and MDE was analysed using crude and adjusted Poisson regression models. Participants: 1550 adults (≥20 years old). Results: The prevalence of household FI was 29.4% (95%C.I 25.0; 34.4). MDE prevalence varied from 4.4% (95%C.I. 3.1 to 6.0), when we used the DSM-IV-R criteria to define this condition, to 9.6% (95%C.I 7.3; 12.5) of the sample, when we used the cut-off point of ≥9 as definition. Prevalence of MDE was more than two times higher in those individuals living with FI, independent of the criteria adopted to define the outcome. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the association’s magnitude. Conclusion: Household FI has been positively associated with MDE amid Covid-19 pandemic, independent of sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Actions are needed to warrant basic living conditions to avoid food insecurity and hunger and its consequences for the Brazilian population, especially those consequences linked to mental health disorders.

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Poverty and mental health: policy, practice and research implications

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Determinantes sociales de la salud mental: políticas públicas desde el modelo biopsicosocial en países latinoamericanos

Determinantes sociales de la salud mental: políticas públicas desde el modelo biopsicosocial en países latinoamericanos

‘I Can Lead the Life That I Want to Lead’: Social Harm, Human Needs and the Decriminalisation of Sex Work in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Association between food insecurity and major depressive episodes amid Covid-19 pandemic: results of four consecutive epidemiological surveys from southern Brazil

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