Poultry litter ash characterisation and recovery

This review paper reports a detailed characterization of some combustion or incineration residues and by-products produced in a medium-sized city in Northern Italy. The municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) generates fly ash, which is a toxic waste. Coal fly ash (CFA) and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) derive from the thermoelectric coal plant located in the same city. Along with these ashes, silica fume and rice husk ash are also considered for the stabilization of fly ash based on their amorphous silica content with the aim to convert them into an inert material. The characterization of all the investigated ashes was performed using different techniques: X-ray diffraction, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The aim of this work is to describe the reuse possibilities that were proposed for these ashes, which were determined also on the basis of their structural properties. Several possible applications of the investigated ashes are proposed, and the most suitable reuse of stabilized fly ash samples seems to be the production of sustainable plastic composites. This paper shows that the reuse of the by-product materials can allow natural resources to be preserved following the principles of a circular economy.

show abstract

“…FGD has demonstrated a good capacity in the heavy metal immobilization of fly ash deriving from the municipal solid waste incinerator [101].…”

Section: Flue Gas Desulfurization Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Reuse Possibilities Concerning Ash Residues from Thermal Process in a Medium-Sized Urban System in Northern Italy

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the ash is an environmentally safe mineral by-product. In contrast, Fahimi et al [40] found much higher metal concentrations, especially those of Zn and Ni, in ash from incineration of poultry litter. Unlike the feathers that were the main feed for gasification in the present study, poultry litter is a mix of bedding material, manure and feathers, which can result in higher levels of heavy metals in the waste, and subsequently, in the ash.…”

Section: Ash Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For comparison, coal fly ash is composed mostly of small and spherical particles (so called cenosphere particles) [38,39]. In poultry litter ashes, the particle composition ranges from coesite relics (2 mm) to micrometric morphotypes rich in phosphorous [40]. The composition of these morphotypes can vary, as they can contain different elements, such as P, Si, Ca, K and Mg.…”

Section: Ash Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, bones added to the feathers can be a source of calcium carbonates and calcium phosphates [45]. During thermal processing of feathers at high temperature, the organic fraction of feathers is easily removed, and the percentage of the mineral fraction is increased [40,45]. In addition, gaseous phosphorus oxides can be released from organic-P compounds at c.a.…”

Section: Ash Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results are similar to those of other reports on the mineralogical composition of ash from waste biomass. Fahimi et al [40] found that P-and Ca-, or K-and Si-rich crystalline and amorphous phases were the main constituents in poultry litter ash. Hydroxyapatite and potassium sodium calcium phosphate (KNaCa 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ) predominated in ash from meat and bone meal [47].…”

Section: Ash Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Mineral By-Product from Gasification of Poultry Feathers for Removing Cd from Highly Contaminated Synthetic Wastewater

Gusiatin

Kumpienė

Janiszewska³

et al. 2020

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ash from poultry feather gasification was investigated as an adsorbent for Cd removal from synthetic wastewater under a range of operational conditions: initial pH (2–8) and salinity (8–38 mS/cm) of wastewater, ash dosage (2.5–50 g/L), Cd concentration (25–800 mg/L) and contact time (5–720 min). The ash was highly alkaline and had low surface area and micropores averaging 1.12 nm in diameter. Chemical/mineralogical analysis revealed a high content of P2O5 (39.9 wt %) and CaO (35.5 wt %), and the presence of calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and calcium. It contained only trace amounts of heavy metals, BTEX, PAHs and PCBs, making it a safe mineral by-product. Cd adsorption was described best with Langmuir and pseudo-second order models. At pH 5, an ash dosage of 5 g/L, 40 min contact time and 100 mg Cd/L, 99% of Cd was removed from wastewater. The salinity did not affect Cd sorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd was very high (126.6 mg/g). Surface precipitation was the main mechanism of Cd removal, possibly accompanied by ion exchange between Cd and Ca, coprecipitation of Cd with Ca-mineral components and Cd complexation with phosphate surface sites. Poultry ash effectively removes high concentrations of toxic Cd from wastewater.

show abstract

Comparative study of pomelo‐peel‐derived hydrochar and torrefied poultry‐litter on coal fuel blends: Combustibility, synergy factor, and ash analysis

Xue

Fakudze

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Co‐firing is considered to be a promising approach for the reduction of CO2 emissions from coal‐fired plants. However, the utilization of fruit‐waste‐based feedstocks is less common than the use of animal‐waste feedstocks, which are usually accompanied by high toxic ash content and low combustibility. In this work, pomelo‐peel‐derived hydrochar (PPHC), characterized by excellent fuel properties and combustibility, was systematically compared with torrefied poultry litter (PLBC), to promote its use as an eco‐friendly solid fuel. The two bio‐based solid fuels were prepared using hydrothermal carbonization (180–240 °C) and torrefaction (220–310 °C), respectively. Elemental analysis, proximate analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study the physicochemical and structural properties of the prepared chars. The combustion behavior and post‐combustion ash content of PPHC/coal and PLBC/coal blends were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). Fuel blends of PPHC and coal showed superior combustibility (S = 5.77–14.79 × 10−12), stronger synergistic effects (1.48–3.19°C−3 min−1/2), and lower activation energy requirements (28.5–31.6 kJ mol−1), in comparison with PLBC/coal blends. Comparative analysis of heavy metal content revealed that PPHC/coal blends were characterized by less toxicity, with lower concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, As, and Co. Hence, the results demonstrated that pomelo peel hydrochar, with excellent combustibility and environmental friendliness, could serve as a better alternative for co‐firing with coal. Meanwhile, torrefied poultry litter showed undesirable ash properties, suggesting an urgent need for the development of alternative methods for its treatment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Poultry litter ash characterisation and recovery

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Review of the Reuse Possibilities Concerning Ash Residues from Thermal Process in a Medium-Sized Urban System in Northern Italy

Review of the Reuse Possibilities Concerning Ash Residues from Thermal Process in a Medium-Sized Urban System in Northern Italy

A Mineral By-Product from Gasification of Poultry Feathers for Removing Cd from Highly Contaminated Synthetic Wastewater

Comparative study of pomelo‐peel‐derived hydrochar and torrefied poultry‐litter on coal fuel blends: Combustibility, synergy factor, and ash analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About