Potentiostatic study on the intergranular corrosion of an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel

Osozawa, Koichiro; Bohnenkamp, Konrad; Engell, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(66)80014-8

Cited by 65 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Because discontinuous alloy depletion also results in imperfect passivity, the breakdown of passive film leads to higher corrosion rate and contributes to the measured reactivation current/charge in the EPR technique. Therefore, a microstructural examination of the specimen after the EPR test is necessary and it has to Brought to you by | Western University Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 10:06 AM (Osozawa et al, 1966;Payer & Staehle, 1975;Pednekar & Smialowska, 1980;Altonen et al, 1983) Devine, 1990Devine, , 1998 (Mukherjee et al, 1996;Huang et al, 2004;Singh, 2008;Srivastava, 2006;Kozuh et al, 2008;Santillán et al, 2011) be ensured that the measured value is due to chromium depletion. Otherwise, the conclusions will be misleading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is the very first attempt to use the electrochemical technique to estimate the DOS in stainless steels, it is not a well-developed technique at present, because mild sensitization cannot be determined by this technique. Controversial results have been reported by some investigators (Osozawa, Bohnenkamp, & Engel, 1966;Payer & Staehle, 1975). During the anodic polarization of 304 SS in 1 m H 2 SO 4 at 90°C, passive current density and critical current density decreased with the increase in the DOS (Osozawa et al, 1966).…”

Section: Degree Of Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Controversial results have been reported by some investigators (Osozawa, Bohnenkamp, & Engel, 1966;Payer & Staehle, 1975). During the anodic polarization of 304 SS in 1 m H 2 SO 4 at 90°C, passive current density and critical current density decreased with the increase in the DOS (Osozawa et al, 1966). Some authors have reported that the DOS has no influence on passive current density and critical current density (Payer & Staehle, 1975).…”

Section: Degree Of Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Parvathavarthini

Mudali

2014

Corrosion Reviews

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The thermal exposure of austenitic stainless steels in the temperature range of 500°C-800°C results in the precipitation of chromium-rich M 23 C 6 carbides along the grain boundaries and concomitant chromium depletion. When chromium level falls below 12% at such depleted zones, the material is said to be sensitized. When the sensitized material is exposed to corrosive media, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking take place. ASTM standard A262-13 is available for detecting the susceptibility to IGC. However, the extent of chromium depletion of shop-fabricated or field-constructed components is required to determine the presence or absence of sensitization for critical applications. In this review, various electrochemical techniques that can be employed to assess the degree of sensitization (DOS) in austenitic stainless steels are critically reviewed. Techniques such as electrochemical potentiokinetic and potentiostatic reactivation with recent modifications for the accurate estimation of the DOS are analyzed. The possibility of using AC impedance technique and electrochemical noise technique for assessing the DOS is also presented. The merits and demerits of each technique and areas where further research should be focused are presented in this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degree Of Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Degree Of Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Parvathavarthini

Mudali

2014

Corrosion Reviews

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“…As an electrochemical technique, cyclic voltammetry in different electrolytes (e.g., sulphuric acid [31], borate buffer [11], sodium chloride [32], or phosphate buffer [12]) is commonly used. The formation of a passive layer on iron requires an aqueous environment that favors the formation of an insoluble iron-oxide complex (e.g., by a high pH-value).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyte Composition for Distinguishing Corrosion Mechanisms in Steel Alloy Screening

Bösing

Thöming

Baune

2017

International Journal of Corrosion

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The formation and breakdown of passive layers due to pitting corrosion are a major cause of failure of metal structures. The investigation of passivation and pitting corrosion requires two different electrochemical measurements and is therefore a time consuming process. To reduce time in material characterization and to study the interactions of both mechanisms, here, a combined experiment addressing both phenomena is introduced. In the presented electrolyte the different corrosion mechanisms are distinguished and investigated by cyclic voltammograms and polarization scans. The measurements show a passive area, metastable pit growth, and pitting corrosion as well as repassivation. The pitting corrosion is separated from additional dissolution processes and the standard deviation of the corrosion potential is smaller than in other electrolytes. Both passivation and pitting corrosion can be observed in one measurement without additional corrosion attacks. The deviation between different measurements of the same steel is small; this is helpful for the screening of similar materials.

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“…Severe intergranular corrosion occurs in austenitic stainless steels in nitric acid solution, [1][2][3][4] and many studies have been performed about the causes concerning the following factors: material, solution, and heating conditions. As material factors, the intergranular depletion of chromium induced by sensitization 5) and the intergranular segregation of phosphorus, [6][7][8][9] silicon, 6,7) and sulfur [6][7][8] have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Phenomenon of Stainless Steel in Boiling Nitric Acid Solution Using Large-Scale Mock-Up of Reduced Pressurized Evaporator

Ueno

Kato

Motooka

et al. 2008

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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To evaluate the component life in a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, a large-scale mock-up test apparatus of a reduced pressurized thermosiphon evaporator was constructed, and the corrosion mechanism of a heat transfer tube made of ultralow carbon type 304 stainless steel in boiling nitric acid solution was studied. The corrosion tests were conducted for about 36,000 h, and changes in the corrosion amount and rate in the test duration were discussed. The relationships between the amount of corrosion and tube surface temperature and heat flux were investigated, and the corrosion propagation mechanism considering intergranular penetration was studied based on the observations of morphologies of corrosion surfaces and the measurements of intergranular penetration depths. After a long duration, the increases in the corrosion amount and rate saturated when intergranular penetration and grain dropping occurred by turns. This result means that a linear estimation can be applied to the life prediction for corrosion. Three portions of the tube were observed, and the amounts of corrosion were different among the three portions, but no difference in the morphology of intergranular corrosion existed. The amount of corrosion was affected by both tube surface temperature and heat flux. A large amount of corrosion could be observed in both the boiling starting portion and the top, where high tube surface temperature and heat flux were observed.

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Potentiostatic study on the intergranular corrosion of an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Electrolyte Composition for Distinguishing Corrosion Mechanisms in Steel Alloy Screening

Corrosion Phenomenon of Stainless Steel in Boiling Nitric Acid Solution Using Large-Scale Mock-Up of Reduced Pressurized Evaporator

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