Potentiometric determination of chloride in biological fluids

Sanderson, P. H.

doi:10.1042/bj0520502

Cited by 232 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Enzyme secretion was monitored by measuring amylase activity using the method of N0rby (Lagerlof, 1942). Bicarbonate concentrations were measured using a Natelson microgasometer (Scientific Industries, Inc., model 600), chloride was determined potentiometrically using 0-05 M AgNO3 (Sanderson, 1952), and sodium and potassium were measured by flame photometry (Evans Electroselenium, Ltd, Mark II).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin action on pancreatic blood flow and on electrolyte and enzyme secretion by exocrine pancreas in vivo and in vitro

Case¹,

Scratcherd²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Intra-arterial injection or infusion of prostaglandins E1 and E2 into anaesthetized cats caused a fall in arterial blood pressure, a reduction in pancreatic blood flow and an inhibition of secretin-stimulated pancreatic electrolyte secretion. In some experiments these effects were preceded by a transient increase in blood flow and secretion.2. The fall in blood pressure and reduction in blood flow, but not the inhibition of secretion, were much less marked following administration of the a-adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine. This stimulatory action was markedly potentiated by theophylline. 5. Enzyme secretion was not stimulated by any of the prostaglandins, even in the presence of theophylline.6. It is concluded that prostaglandins can stimulate electrolyte transport by exocrine pancreas, perhaps through a mechanism involving adenylate cyclase, but that in vivo this action is masked by a secondary inhibition resulting either from vasoconstriction, or from the vibration of an antisecretory agent, or both.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin action on pancreatic blood flow and on electrolyte and enzyme secretion by exocrine pancreas in vivo and in vitro

Case¹,

Scratcherd²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The chloride ion was estimated by a potentiometfic technique similar to that of Sanderson (22). We are indebted to Mr. Gordon Bennett for the following modification of the above method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride in Amphibian Muscle

Simon

Shaw

Bennett

et al. 1957

The Journal of General Physiology

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In a previous publication (28) it was shown that the cells of the sartorius muscle of the toad Bufo marinus were able to maintain their internal K + at an absolute level despite great fluctuations (0 to 25 m.eq. per liter) of the external K +. When the external level was raised to 50 m.eq. per liter there was an intracellular increase amounting to about 17 per cent of the control level in normal Ringer. This is in contrast to the capacity of the cell to maintain an absolute ratio Na+ou~/Na+m of approximately 3:1 in the face of large variations in the external Na + (45 to 650 m.eq. per liter).Boyle and Conway (2) had shown that K + entered the cell in proportion to the increase in external K +, from which they drew the conclusion that the intracellular K + content would result from the electrochemical gradient, the product K+m X CI-~, being equal to the product K+o~t X Cl-ou~.In this paper it is our intention to correlate the changes in the intracellular Na + and K + content brought about by alterations in the external ionic environment with the concomitant movements in chloride ion.A bibliography of the earlier literature relating to the estimation of chloride in muscle has been given by Fenn (9). We shall refer later to the work of Carey and Conway (3), Levi and Ussing (18), and Harris and Martins-Ferreira (10).The method of estimation of chloride employed by some of the earlier workers (the Van Slyke acid digest), has been shown by Heilbrunn and Hamilton (11) and Wilde (34) to yield results up to 30 per cent too low. The methods used by us for the estimation of Na +, K +, and CI-were such that all three ions could be estimated on the same muscle. This has not been possible with previous methods.The movements of Na + and C1-are so closely linked that we have formed a tentative hypothesis that these ions exist together in an intracellular phase. The amounts of the two ions in this phase are usually equivalent, and depend on the concentration of the same ion in the external medium. The amount of * This work was undertaken with the aid of a grant from the

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“…Analytical methods. Plasma 11-hydroxysteroids: Mattingly (1962) as modified by Spencer-Peet, Daly & Smith (1965 Sanderson, 1952); later, EEL automatic C1 meter.…”

Section: Meaauremenrd and Analy8i8mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of real and simulated time‐zone shifts upon the circadian rhythms of body temperature, plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids, and renal excretion in human subjects

Elliott¹,

Mills²,

Minors³

et al. 1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Observations were made upon five subjects who flew through 4j-6 time zones, four of them returning later to their starting point, and upon twenty-three subjects experiencing simulated 6 or 8 hr time zones shifts in either direction in an isolation unit.2. Measurements were made of plasma concentration of li-hydroxycorticosteroids, of body temperature, and of urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride. Their rhythm was defined, where possible, by fitting a sine curve of period 24 hr to each separate 24-hr stretch of data and computing the acrophase, or maximum predicted by the sine curve.3. The adaptation of the plasma steroid rhythm was assessed by the presence of a sharp fall in concentration after the sample collected around 08.00 hr. The time course of adaptation varied widely between individuals; it was usually largely complete by the fourth day after westward, and rather later after eastward, flights. After time shift the pattern often corresponded neither to an adapted nor to an unadapted one, and in a subject followed for many months after a real flight a normal amplitude only appeared 2-3 months after flight.4. Temperature rhythm adapted by a movement of the acrophase, without change in amplitude, although on some days no rhythm could be observed. This movement was always substantial even on the first day, and was usually nearly complete by the fifth.5. High nocturnal excretion of electrolyte was often seen in the early days after time shift, more notably after simulated westward flights. Adaptation of urinary electrolyte rhythms usually proceeded as with temperature, but the movement of the acrophase was slower, more variable ANN L. ELLIOTT AND OTHERS between individuals, more erratic, and sometimes reversed after partial adaptation. On a few days there were two maxima corresponding to those expected on real and on experimental time.6. Sodium excretion was much less regular than that of potassium, but adapted more rapidly to time shift, so that the two often became completely dissociated. Chloride behaved much as sodium.7. The time course of adaptation of the plasma steroid and urinary potassium rhythms were sufficiently similar to suggest a causal connexion. The time course of adaptation of the temperature rhythm did not coincide with that of any other component considered here.

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Potentiometric determination of chloride in biological fluids

Cited by 232 publications

References 1 publication

Prostaglandin action on pancreatic blood flow and on electrolyte and enzyme secretion by exocrine pancreas in vivo and in vitro

Prostaglandin action on pancreatic blood flow and on electrolyte and enzyme secretion by exocrine pancreas in vivo and in vitro

The Relationship Between Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride in Amphibian Muscle

The effect of real and simulated time‐zone shifts upon the circadian rhythms of body temperature, plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids, and renal excretion in human subjects

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