Potentiometric determination of antihistaminic diphenhydramine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids using screen-printed electrode

Recent developments, characteristics and potential applications of screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceutical and biological analysis

“…Carbon-based SPEs (SPCEs) can be used in their bare (unmodified) form or be made of graphene, graphite or CNTs, being employed in the detection of several drugs in different matrixes (Table 1) [63]. Furthermore, the same authors studied the application of both SPE and carbon paste electrode for the study and determination of the antihistaminic drug diphenhydramine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids i.e., human serum and urine [64]. In this work, a polyvinyl chloride flexible sheet was used as substrate, an Ag/AgCl PRE was printed using a homemade polyvinyl chloride ink containing Ag/AgCl and the CE was printed using a homemade carbon ink [64].…”

“…Furthermore, the same authors studied the application of both SPE and carbon paste electrode for the study and determination of the antihistaminic drug diphenhydramine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids i.e., human serum and urine [64]. In this work, a polyvinyl chloride flexible sheet was used as substrate, an Ag/AgCl PRE was printed using a homemade polyvinyl chloride ink containing Ag/AgCl and the CE was printed using a homemade carbon ink [64]. The proposed method ensured a good accuracy for the diphenhydramine hydrochloride [65].…”

A categorical review on electroanalytical determination of non-narcotic over-the-counter abused antitussive drugs

“…The analytical characteristics of screen-printed electrodes (SPE) and CPEs were evaluated for the determination of diphenhydramine in pure, capsules, urine and serum samples [71]. Based on the ion-pair formation between DPH and NaTPB as electroactive material and o-NPOE as plasticizer in DPH matrix, the sensors showed near-Nernstian sensitivity with a low detection limit.…”

Electroanalytical Determination of Doripenem using a Screen-Printed Electrode

“…At higher pH values (pH>7.0), free base precipitated in the test solution and the concentration of unprotonated species gradually increased (Frag et al, 2011). As a result, lower e.m.f.…”

“…After mixing this matrix, the resulting paste was used to fill the electrode body. A fresh surface was obtained by gently pushing the stainless steel screw forward and polishing the new carbon paste surface with filter paper to obtain a shiny new surface (Frag et al, 2011).…”