Background: Ethylene is a widely distributed alkene product which is formed enzymatically (e.g., in plants) or by photochemical reactions (e.g., in the upper oceanic layers from dissolved organic carbon). This gaseous compound was recently found to induce in cells from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula, an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ level ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and an upregulation of the expression of two genes, the potential ethylene-responsive gene, SDERR, and a Ca 2+ /calmodulindependent protein kinase.