Potentiality of a live vaccine with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) for sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus at a low rearing temperature

Multiplication Rate of Red Seabream Iridovirus (RSIV) in Rock Bream <i>Oplegnathus fasciatus</i> at Different Fish Rearing Temperatures

“…Thus, the virulence of RSIV can be regulated indirectly by controlling fish rearing temperature through regulating the RSIV multiplication rate. This could be a common method to vaccinate fish with live viruses at low temperatures (Nishizawa et al, 2012). We were interested in finding the lower limit of temperature for RSIV multiplication in vivo.…”

“…3B). Nishizawa et al (2011bNishizawa et al ( , 2012) have suggested that a certain level of viral multiplication is required for fish to mount protective immune response after immunization with live virus. This could be the reason why PIfish RSIV did not mount protective immune response.…”

“…with live virus has been successfully used to protect olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection and sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (synonym of Hyporthodus septemfasciatus) against nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection (Nishizawa et al, 2011a(Nishizawa et al, , 2012.…”

Assessment of the sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus with a live nervous necrosis virus (NNV) vaccine at natural seawater temperature

“…The potential to immunize sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, with live NNV has been reported, including "Poly(I:C) immunization with live NNV" [17][18][19][20] and "fish immunization with live NNV at a low rearing temperature" [21]. The principle of the latter method is that NNV-infected fish are reared at a temperature within a range of NNV multiplication but far from the optimum temperature for VNN onset.…”

Changes in Fish Viral Disease Outbreaks in the Coastal Area of Korea Due to Increasing Water Temperature, an Impact of Climate Change

“…(red seabream iridovirus disease, RSIVD), (viral hemorrhagic septicemia, VHS) (viral nervous necrosis, VNN) (Cha et al, 2007;Do et al, 2005;Gomez et al, 2008;Jeong et al, 2008;Jung and Oh, 2000;Kim and Park, 2004;Kim et al, 2003;Lyu et al, 2006;Nishizawa et al, 2012;unpublished data;Oh et al, 1999;2002;Sohn et al, 1991;1998) . (Fig.…”