Potential worldwide distribution of Fusarium dry root rot in common beans based on the optimal environment for disease occurrence

Abstract

Root rots are a constraint for staple food crops and a long-lasting food security problem worldwide. In common beans, yield losses originating from root damage are frequently attributed to dry root rot, a disease caused by the Fusarium solani species complex. The aim of this study was to model the current potential distribution of common bean dry root rot on a global scale and to project changes based on future expectations of climate change. Our approach used a spatial proxy of the field disease occurrence, instead of solely the pathogen distribution. We modeled the pathogen environmental requirements in locations where in-situ inoculum density seems ideal for disease manifestation. A dataset of 2,311 soil samples from commercial farms assessed from 2002 to 2015 allowed us to evaluate the environmental conditions associated with the pathogen’s optimum inoculum density for disease occurrence, using a lower threshold as a spatial proxy. We encompassed not only the optimal conditions for disease occurrence but also the optimal pathogen’s density required for host infection. An intermediate inoculum density of the pathogen was the best disease proxy, suggesting density-dependent mechanisms on host infection. We found a strong convergence on the environmental requirements of both the host and the disease development in tropical areas, mostly in Brazil, Central America, and African countries. Precipitation and temperature variables were important for explaining the disease occurrence (from 17.63% to 43.84%). Climate change will probably move the disease toward cooler regions, which in Brazil are more representative of small-scale farming, although an overall shrink in total area (from 48% to 49% in 2050 and 26% to 41% in 2070) was also predicted. Understanding pathogen distribution and disease risks in an evolutionary context will therefore support breeding for resistance programs and strategies for dry root rot management in common beans.

Sources of Resistance to Fusarium solani and Associated Genomic Regions in Common Bean Diversity Panels

“…Soil moisture also has been documented to influence the presence and inoculum density of FSSC (Macedo et al, 2017). Flooding and drought conditions have been reported to substantially weaken the dry bean root system and allow infection caused by FRR (Gossen et al, 2016;Macedo et al, 2017). To date, this is the first FRR screening method to account for soil moisture and the microbial interactions of numerous strains within the FSSC, likely contributing to assay reproducibility.…”

“…Controlling or predicting the soil environment is complicated; therefore, determining host resistance against soil-borne pathogens may not be applicable across environments. Of the numerous soil parameters that dictate the infection rate and severity of FRR pathogens, the effects of soil temperature and moisture have been most documented (Porch et al, 2014;Teixeira et al, 2015;Macedo et al, 2017). In North Dakota, variability in growth rates and aggressiveness were observed across a range of temperatures for 96 species in the FSSC (Chitrampalam and Nelson, 2016).…”

“…require some type of plant stress to incite infection on pulse crops; such stress may include droughts or flooding (Leslie et al, 1990). Soil moisture also has been documented to influence the presence and inoculum density of FSSC (Macedo et al, 2017). Flooding and drought conditions have been reported to substantially weaken the dry bean root system and allow infection caused by FRR (Gossen et al, 2016;Macedo et al, 2017).…”

Predicting disease occurrence of cabbage Verticillium wilt in monoculture using species distribution modeling

“…Recently, MaxEnt has been used to predict plant disease distribution, such as Fusarium dry root rot in common beans, Phomopsis vaccinii in Vaccinium species, myrtle rust in Myrtaceae family and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit (Cunniffe et al, 2016;Macedo et al, 2017;Narouei-Khandan et al, 2017;Berthon et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Narouei-Khandan et al, 2020). In the present study, we used MaxEnt to predict the occurrence probability of Verticillium wilt, a soil-borne disease, as a case study on cabbage field in Japan.…”

Identificação e caracterização de genes provenientes de <i>Burkholderia seminalis</i> TC3.4.2R3 relacionados ao controle da fusariose

“…Esses patógenos podem ser encontrados habitando o solo, nas mais diversas regiões geográficas do mundo (SHUPING & ELOFF, 2017). Diferentes culturas de grande interesse econômico mundial como feijão (MACEDO et al, 2017), milho (PEREIRA et al, 2017), arroz (JUNG et al, 2018), soja (SAHU et al, 2017) e cana- de-açúcar (HILTON et al, 2017), são acometidas por doenças causadas por diferentes espécies de Fusarium.…”