Potential use of fly ash and bagasse ash as secondary abrasives in phenolic composites for eco-friendly brake pads applications

Abstract

Brake pad is the essential component of disk brake in automotive applications that is made of phenolic-based composites. The alumina and silica are often used as primary abrasives in brake pads. In this study, we investigated the hardness, compressive, friction and wear properties under room temperature and elevated temperatures (100°C and 150°C) of phenolic-based composites containing the natural ashes of fly ash and bagasse ash as secondary abrasives, which ranged from 0 to 12 wt%, for replacing primary abrasives. The results suggested that 4 wt% secondary abrasives was recommended for optimization of the overall properties of the composites. It was found that all composites exhibited the abrasive wear behavior evidenced by wear debris between the counterfaces acting as third-body abrasives. The phenolic-based composites at 100°C and 150°C had higher coefficient of friction and lower wear resistance than those at room temperature. The incorporation of bagasse ash resulted in more compression for a given load than that of fly ash. In summary, the fly ash and bagasse ash, which were natural ashes, showed a potential use as secondary abrasives in the phenolic-based composites for eco-friendly brake pads.

Conventional and unconventional materials used in the production of brake pads – review

“…It reaches little more than 0.3 at operating temperatures of 200 ∘ C. The sample used in the study contained 46% of ash [147]. Choosri et al in turn had the best results for samples containing only 4 wt% of considered material [148]. The results are not unequivocal, therefore it can be assumed that the selection of the other components of the abrasive material has a decisive influence.…”

In state of art: Mechanical behavior of natural fiber‐based hybrid polymeric composites for application of automobile components

“…Lower water and oil absorption rate combined with high hardness and tensile strength showed the effectiveness of agro‐waste fillers in replacing commercial asbestos‐based brake pads. Choosri et al [ 80 ] studied the use of industrial waste fly ash and agro‐waste bagasse ash for developing eco‐friendly friction linings. Properties like hardness, compression, wear, and friction were investigated under room temperature and increased temperature (100 and 150 0 C), and S‐glass fiber was used as other reinforcements, and the phenolic resin was used as matrix.…”

Environmental valorisation of bagasse fly ash: a review

“…Various determinations such as hardness, compressive strength, friction and wear properties were conducted and it was observed that 4% of the total weight was optimum concentration. 81 BFA and rice husk ash were explored for the preparation of water glass. First, both types of ash were added to the NaOH solution and heated to give the geopolymer.…”