Potential Therapeutic Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Dihydroflavones, Flavones, and Flavonols

Abstract

Systemic inflammation, circulating immune cell activation, and endothelial cell damage play a critical role in vascular pathogenesis. Flavonoids have shown anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of different flavonoids on the production of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL) 1β, 6, and 8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in peripheral blood cells. Methods: We studied the whole blood from 36 healthy donors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated (0.5 μg/mL) whole-blood aliquots were incubated in the presence or absence of different concentrations of quercetin, rutin, naringenin, naringin, diosmetin, and diosmin for 6 h. Cultures were centrifuged and the supernatant was collected in order to measure IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 production using specific immunoassay techniques. This production was significantly inhibited by quercetin, naringenin, naringin, and diosmetin, but in no case by rutin or diosmin. Flavonoids exert different effects, maybe due to the differences between aglycons and glucosides present in their chemical structures. However, these studies suggest that quercetin, naringenin, naringin, and diosmetin could have a potential therapeutic effect in the inflammatory process of cardiovascular disease.

Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

“…Inhibit production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated [122] CVD patients Decrease transcriptional activity of NF-kB [74] Endothelial protection CVD individuals Enhance NO bioavailability, possibly by stimulating eNOS activity [123] 6…”

Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…In human monocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations, luteolin significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α by inhibiting NF-κB activity [202]. Recently, it was demonstrated that luteolin effectively suppresses IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from PBMC from healthy donors incubated with LPS [203], confirming reports showing that luteolin reduces IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages [190]. Hong et al evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in renal I/R injury in Sprague-Dawley rats and demonstrated that this natural compound attenuated serum and renal TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and the renal HMGB1 and NF-κB expression levels in I/R rats [204].…”

“…Using LPS-stimulated PBMC from healthy subjects, Zaragoza et al demonstrated that naringenin decreases IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 production [203]. Hsu et al showed that naringenin extracted from Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.…”

Interstitial Fluid in Lipedema and Control Skin

“…If a microangiopathy and interstitial fluid bound to glycosaminoglycans are present early in lipedema tissue, treatment should aim at supporting the vessels in the legs by the use of the following: compression garments; hands on therapy to move fluid, sodium, and Allen, et al; Women's Health Reports 2020, 1.1 http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/whr.2020.0086 other prelymph components out of the tissue into lymphatic vessels; flavonoids and other anti-inflammatories from food and supplements to help reduce inflammation of the microvessels 32 ; and possibly a low-salt diet to decrease glycosaminoglycan content. 31 The data in this article were based on an AVP and collagen spacing that if incorrect as markers of leaky vessels and increased interstitial fluid, respectively, would negate our findings.…”