Potential role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: Lesson learned from HIV

Spadera, Lucrezia; Spadera, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110293

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Because of that, we chose day 16 from the experiment initiation as a time point for analysis. This was the time point (day [15][16][17] when the first sites of necrotic tumor lysis with purulent discharge were observed, indicating an active catabolic process in the tumor. Tissues and organs from the control, Karanahan therapy, and Karanahan approach plus GcMAF-RF Groups were isolated on a selected day, and cell populations were analyzed as described in the pilot study.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Immune Response Induced By Karanahan Monot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous reports for experimental animals and data obtained in preclinical studies indicate that it is promising to use GcMAF in clinical practice. Specific properties of the macrophage activator and the positive previous experience of its clinical use have underlain the clinical trials of the preparation against COVID-19 [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, other results that do not confirm the effectiveness of GcMAF in clinical practice have led to strong skepticism about this factor in the scientific community [ 15 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Biological Properties of Blood Plasma Protein with GcMAF Functional Activity

Долгова

Кирикович

Левитес

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The main problem related to the studies focusing on group-specific component protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) is the lack of clarity about changes occurring in different types of macrophages and related changes in their properties under the effect of GcMAF in various clinical conditions. We analyzed the antitumor therapeutic properties of GcMAF in a Lewis carcinoma model in two clinical conditions: untreated tumor lesion and tumor resorption after exposure to Karanahan therapy. GcMAF is formed during site-specific deglycosylation of vitamin D3 binding protein (DBP). DBP was obtained from the blood of healthy donors using affinity chromatography on a column with covalently bound actin. GcMAF-related factor (GcMAF-RF) was converted in a mixture with induced lymphocytes through the cellular enzymatic pathway. The obtained GcMAF-RF activates murine peritoneal macrophages (p < 0.05), induces functional properties of dendritic cells (p < 0.05) and promotes in vitro polarization of human M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages (p < 0.01). Treatment of whole blood cells with GcMAF-RF results in active production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is shown that macrophage activation by GcMAF-RF is inhibited by tumor-secreted factors. In order to identify the specific antitumor effect of GcMAF-RF-activated macrophages, an approach to primary reduction of humoral suppressor activity of the tumor using the Karanahan therapy followed by macrophage activation in the tumor-associated stroma (TAS) was proposed. A prominent additive effect of GcMAF-RF, which enhances the primary immune response activation by the Karanahan therapy, was shown in the model of murine Lewis carcinoma. Inhibition of the suppressive effect of TAS is the main condition required for the manifestation of the antitumor effect of GcMAF-RF. When properly applied in combination with any chemotherapy, significantly reducing the humoral immune response at the advanced tumor site, GcMAF-RF is a promising antitumor therapeutic agent that additively destroys the pro-tumor properties of macrophages of the tumor stroma.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Immune Response Induced By Karanahan Monot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Biological Properties of Blood Plasma Protein with GcMAF Functional Activity

Долгова

Кирикович

Левитес

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…GcMAF holds promise as a potential therapeutic candidate for a number of conditions ranging from immunotherapy and antiangiogenic cancer treatment (Pacini et (Spadera and Spadera 2020). More specifically, GcMAF offers significant advantages when combined with radiation therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GcMAF in Radiation Therapy: Identification and Molecular Characterization of the Human GcMAF Receptor<b></b> <b></b>

Ruggiero

2024

Preprint

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Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF), a powerful immunostimulant endowed with anti-cancer and anti-angiogenetic activities, offers significant advantages when combined with radiation therapy. A stronger immune response improves the effectiveness of radiation therapy by allowing the body to better eliminate residual cancer cells after treatment. In addition, by boosting the immune system, GcMAF mitigates some of the immunosuppressive side effects of radiation therapy, leading to faster recovery. In order to fully exploit the potential of GcMAF in cancer therapy, knowledge of the molecular interactions with its receptor is essential. This study proposes the first extracellular domain (residues 1-34) of the CCR1 protein as the GcMAF receptor. The CCR1 gene, expressed in monocytes and 168 other cell types or tissues, encodes this transmembrane protein. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, along with hydrogen bonds mediate the molecular interactions between the TPT420-GalNAcELAK (or TPK420ELAK) sequences of GcMAF (or Gc2 protein variant) and the TTEDYDTTT sequence of its receptor.

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“…Consequently, GcMAFbased immunotherapy shows a wider application for serious infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and several cancers [9]. GcMAF has the possibility of the role for suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses [10]. Covid center in Naples, Italy summarized the phase II report concerning GcMAF and COVID-19 pneumonia with 104 references and 63 pages in Feb 2021 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Measures for COVID-19 Including Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED), Gc protein-derived Macrophage-Activating Factor (Gcmaf), and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)

Bando

2021

Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep

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Several trials for the COVID-19 pandemic are found. Prof. Shunji Nakamura, Tokushima University was awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in Physics for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Deep ultraviolet LED (DUV-LED) causes SARS-CoV-2 inactivation as 99.9% by 265 nm. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF)-based immunotherapy has a wider application for serious infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, and cancers. Covid center in Naples submitted a phase II report concerning GcMAF and COVID-19 in Feb 2021. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) show anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects for Zika, Dengue, influenza A viruses, and SARS-CoV-2. These results hopefully contribute to the research development for COVID-19.

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Potential role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: Lesson learned from HIV

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Analysis of the Biological Properties of Blood Plasma Protein with GcMAF Functional Activity

Analysis of the Biological Properties of Blood Plasma Protein with GcMAF Functional Activity

GcMAF in Radiation Therapy: Identification and Molecular Characterization of the Human GcMAF Receptor<b></b> <b></b>

Some Measures for COVID-19 Including Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED), Gc protein-derived Macrophage-Activating Factor (Gcmaf), and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)

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