Potential risk of BPA and phthalates in commercial water bottles: a minireview

Costa, Rouse da Silva; Fernandes, Tatiana Sainara Maia; Almeida, Edmilson de Sousa; Oliveira, Juliene Tomé; Guedes, Jhonyson Arruda Carvalho; Zocolo, Guilherme Julião; Sousa, Francisco W.; Nascimento, Ronaldo F.

doi:10.2166/wh.2021.202

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The measured Σ 6 PAE concentrations unveiled notable seasonal variations with the highest value in winter and the lowest value in summer, which are consistent with the previous observation 28 . The lower concentrations of Σ 6 PAE in the summer could be partly due to high photolytic activity, microbial degradation, and oxidation [29][30][31] . Additionally,PAEs concentration in the air surrounding the source water might vary over seasons and could be one of the contributing factors for seasonal variations in PAEs levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence And Seasonal Disparity Of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals In A Drinking Water Supply System And Associated Health Risk

Kumawat¹,

Sharma²,

Pal³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Contamination of drinking water with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) raisesconcerns over the security and long-term sustainability of clean water supplies as well ashuman exposure via daily water intake. In this study, the seasonal disparity and occurrence ofsix phthalates and bisphenol A in the drinking water supply system and associated health risk wereexamined. DEHP was the most prevalent phthalate esters congener ranging from 1.14 - 8351.85 µg/L(winter) and 0.552 - 410.29 µg/L (summer) surpassing the permissible limit.Meanwhile, BPA concentrations were found under the permissible limit. The results suggested that PAEsconcentration displayed significant seasonal variations with the highest in winter and thelowest in the summer.The exposure toPAEs and BPA from drinking water was assessed, and the results indicated a possible healthrisk to humans with a Hazard Quotient (HQ) for DEHP.The findings necessitate an immediate scrutiny of these EDCs indrinking water supply system and are critical for implementing effective technologies at theWTP scale to ensure the quality and safety of drinking water in order to ascertain human andenvironmental health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence And Seasonal Disparity Of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals In A Drinking Water Supply System And Associated Health Risk

Kumawat¹,

Sharma²,

Pal³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The permitted level of DEHP in bottled water is 6.0 μg/L (FDA, 2018b). Based on the survey by Da Silva Costa et al (2021), DEHP was detected in bottled water between 2017 and 2019 all over the world with the highest amount in samples from Thailand at 64.0 μg/L; when compared to U.S. thresholds, it is 10 times the allowable limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine modulating chemicals in food packaging: A review of phthalates and bisphenols

Tumu

Vorst

Curtzwiler

2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Phthalates and bisphenol chemicals have been widely used globally in packaging materials and consumer products for several decades. These highly functional chemicals have become a concern due to their toxicity (i.e., endocrine/hormone modulators) and ability to migrate from food contact materials (FCMs) into food matrices and the environment resulting in human and environmental health risks. FCMs, composed of postconsumer materials, are particularly high risk for containing these compounds. The evaluation of postconsumer recycled feedstocks in FCMs is compulsory and selection of an appropriate detection method to comply with applicable regulations is necessary to evaluate human and environmental safety. Numerous regulations have been proposed and passed globally for both compound classes that are recognized as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the European Union. Several brand owners and retailers have also released their own “restricted substance lists” due to the mounting consumer and regulatory concerns. This review article has two goals: (1) discuss the utilization, toxicology, human exposure routes, and occurrence levels of phthalates and bisphenols in FCMs and associated legislation in various countries and (2) discuss critical understanding and updates for detection/quantification techniques. Current techniques discussed include extraction and sample preparation methods (solid‐phase microextraction [SPME], headspace SPME, Soxhlet procedure, ultrasound‐assisted extraction), chromatographic techniques (gas, liquid, detectors), and environmental/blank considerations for quantification. This review complements a previous review of phthalates in foods from 2009 by discussing phthalate and bisphenol characteristics, analytical methods of determining concentrations in packaging materials, and their influence on the migration potential into food.

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“…In the last decade and today millions of people around the world consume bottled water regularly. Bottled water quality is the subject to intensive investigation in many countries worldwide, Muhamad et al (2011), Guart et al (2014), Zmit & Belhaneche-Bensemra (2019), da Silva Costa et al (2021, Fan et al (2014). PET is the packaging most used in water bottles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and leaching behaviour of Bisphenol A from polyethylene terephthalate water bottles under different storage conditions

Mârșolea

Chiriac

Orbeci

et al. 2023

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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SummaryThe release of bisphenol A (BPA) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in non‐carbonated water was investigated in this work through migration and leaching tests. Several types of PET bottles approved and used by several Romanian non‐carbonated mineral water brands were tested in this work. It was highlighted that both the storage temperature and the storage time of bottled water in PET bottles influence the degree of PBA release. Thus, increasing the temperature and storage time favours the release of BPA from PET. The higher the storage temperature, the higher is the diffusivity of BPA. The degree of BPA release is also closely related to the brand of PET. This could be related to the degree of contamination of the raw material in the manufacturing process of PET bottles or during their recycling. The physico‐chemical characteristics and stability of PET bottles in different environmental conditions can also influence the release of BPA from them. The leaching tests confirmed the potential for BPA contamination of long‐term non‐carbonated water bottled in PET bottles.

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Potential risk of BPA and phthalates in commercial water bottles: a minireview

Cited by 44 publications

References 96 publications

Occurrence And Seasonal Disparity Of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals In A Drinking Water Supply System And Associated Health Risk

Occurrence And Seasonal Disparity Of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals In A Drinking Water Supply System And Associated Health Risk

Endocrine modulating chemicals in food packaging: A review of phthalates and bisphenols

Migration and leaching behaviour of Bisphenol A from polyethylene terephthalate water bottles under different storage conditions

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