Potential of sunflower, castor bean, common buckwheat and vetiver as lead phytoaccumulators

Abstract

A B S T R A C TStudies concerning the tolerance, absorption and distribution of heavy metals in plants are essential for the success of phytoremediation programs. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the potential of the sunflower, castor bean, common buckwheat and vetiver as lead phytoaccumulators. The species were grown in nutrient solution containing increasing doses of Pb (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L -1 ) during a 30-day exposure period. A completely randomized split-plot design was used, with a 4 x 5 factorial and three replicates. Significant reductions of dry matter of the root, shoot and whole plant were found in the all species under study as a function of the increased Pb doses. Vetiver showed higher tolerance to Pb contamination; sunflower and castor bean had intermediate tolerance and the common buckwheat proved to be the most sensitive species. The concentration and total content of Pb in plant compartments were significantly affected by the increased Pb doses in solution, and higher accumulation of this element was observed, in general, in the roots of the studied species. Common buckwheat proved to be not much promising for Pb-phytoremediation programs; sunflower showed potential for Pb phytoextraction and castor bean and vetiver were the most appropriate for Pb phytostabilization.Potencial de girassol, mamona, trigo mourisco e vetiver como fitoacumuladoras de chumbo R E S U M O Estudos sobre a tolerância, absorção e distribuição de metais pesados em plantas, são essenciais para se obter sucesso em programas de fitorremediação. O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial de girassol, mamona, trigo mourisco e vetiver como fito-acumuladoras de chumbo (Pb). As espécies foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva com doses crescentes de Pb (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg L -1 ) durante 30 dias. O delineamento empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida com o fatorial 4 x 5, com três repetições. Foram constatadas reduções na matéria seca da raiz, parte aérea e planta inteira das espécies estudadas em resposta à elevação das doses de Pb. O vetiver mostrou a maior tolerância ao Pb, a mamona e o girassol apresentaram tolerância intermediária e o trigo mourisco se mostrou a espécie mais sensível. Os teores e conteúdos de Pb nos compartimentos das plantas aumentaram com a elevação das doses de Pb, tendo sido verificado, de forma geral, maior acúmulo deste elemento nas raízes. O trigo mourisco mostrou-se pouco promissor para programas de fitorremediação de Pb, o girassol apresentou potencial para fitoextração de Pb e a mamona e vetiver se mostraram mais adequadas para fitoestabilização desse elemento.

Μetal Uptake by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Irrigated with Water Polluted with Chromium and Nickel

“…Cadmium accumulation in herbs was similar to those for Cr, Ni, and Pb, whereas a significantly higher amount of chromium was found in sunflower roots (7.02 mg/kg) [27]. In comparison to the other species, vetiver is the most tolerant to Pb, followed by castor bean, sunflower, and common buckwheat [28]. …”

The utilization of Ricinus communis in the phytomanagement of heavy metal contaminated soils

“…The metal effect on R. communis plant biomass has been reported to be minimal compared with that on other species (Alves et al 2016;Babaeinejad et al 2015;Bauddh et al 2016). For example, a comparative study demonstrated that the biomass production of R. communis roots and shoots was lower than that of Brassica juncea L. when the soil was treated with Cd (100 mg•kg −1 ).…”

“…Babaeinejad et al (2015) also revealed that R. communis had higher biomass than Solanum nigrum L. when exposed to the same amount of Cd stress. Alves et al (2016) concluded that the trend of biomass reduction was Chrysopogon zizanioides L. > Fagopyrum esculentum Moench > Helianthus annuus L. > R. communis with increasing concentration of Pb stress in the growth medium. The reduced metal effect on R. communis biomass might be attributed to its larger and stronger root system.…”

Revegetating Bagacay Mining Site: A review of potential tropical species for phytoremediation of non-essential heavy metals

“…Later, it was discovered that vetiver is a non-hyperaccumulator (Greenfield, 2002;Roongtanakiat, 2006). In the study of Alves et al (2016), vetiver showed dry matter production at Lead (Pb) concentrations higher than 350 ppm.…”