Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies

Abstract

The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.

Utilization of Avocado and Mango Fruit Wastes in Multi-Nutrient Blocks for Goats Feeding: In Vitro Evaluation

“…The greater (p = 0.001) NH 3 -N concentrations of avocado compared with mango wastes are in accordance with the 2.6 times greater N content of avocado. As discussed by de Evan et al [47], in vitro NH 3 -N concentrations are difficult to interpret, as they reflect the balance between the NH 3 -N produced by protein degradation and the NH 3 -N captured by the ruminal microorganisms for microbial protein synthesis. The high fermentation of mango wastes probably stimulated microbial growth, resulting in high NH 3 -N capture by the microorganisms and low NH 3 -N concentrations, which were below the level of 5 mg of NH 3 -N/100 mL recommended for optimal growth of ruminal microorganisms in vitro [48].…”

Anaemia in Ruminants Caused by Plant Consumption

“…is grown as forage crops for grazing in some countries to ensure the availability of fresh forage during shortage periods, mainly in summer and winter [ 102 , 103 ]. Additionally, these plants can be considered vegetable wastes of human nutrition and studies have determined that it is an excellent option to supply them to animals [ 104 ]. Some of these plants with crop interest are Brassica oleracea (kale, cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.…”

“…Another group of interest in this family consists of wild-growing plants that can be consumed as grass by livestock. The genera Sinapsis , Diplotaxis , Capsella , Eruca , Sisymbrium and some species of Brassica and Raphanus are included in this group [ 12 , 104 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”

Critical Factors and Emerging Opportunities in Food Waste Utilization and Treatment Technologies

“…There are many studies that have investigated the use of food waste as livestock feed (Abarghuei et al, 2014;Das et al, 2019;de Evan et al, 2020). For instance, Angulo et al (2012b) studied the impact of integrating FVW into lactating Holstein cow feed.…”