Utilization of Avocado and Mango Fruit Wastes in Multi-Nutrient Blocks for Goats Feeding: In Vitro Evaluation

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of avocado and mango fruit wastes, and to assess the possibility of preserving the wastes into multi-nutrient blocks (MB). Both peels and a pulp:peels (PP) mixture of each fruit were analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro fermentation with goats’ ruminal fluid. Wastes had low-dry matter (DM) content (<250 g/kg), with those from mango having high non-structural carbohydrates content (>800 g/kg DM) and those from avocado high fat levels (>580 g/kg DM). Mango wastes were fermented at a greater extent and faster rate than avocado ones. The PP mixture of each fruit was included into multi-nutrient blocks (MB) formulated to have similar chemical composition. There were only subtle differences in the fermentation of MB including wastes from either avocado or mango, but fermentation of avocado-MB resulted in significantly (p ≤ 0.032) greater acetate and lower propionate proportions than mango-MB. Including the PP mixture in the formulation of MB for goats feeding is a feasible option to reduce the environmental impact of avocado and mango fruit wastes, but studies on the acceptance of the MB by goats and their stability over long-time storage periods are needed.

Corn Silage Supplemented with Pomegranate (Punica granatum) and Avocado (Persea americana) Pulp and Seed Wastes for Improvement of Meat Characteristics in Poultry Production

“…More specifically, it has been found that pomegranate peel contains saponins that can improve nitrogen efficiency by reducing the activity of protozoa [ 27 ], enhancing the microbial composition of stomach proteins and increasing the protein content of the produced milk. Similar results have been commented by [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] who studied the effect of a combination of pomegranate, flaxseed seed oil, avocado, and mango fruit wastes, respectively, on the effect of daily milk production of goats, as well as blood, containing metabolites and their antioxidant status. Recent studies also investigated the effect of incorporating pomegranate by-products in the diet of lambs [ 33 ] and cows [ 34 ], while [ 35 ] commented avocado use as potential feedstuff for animals as an energy source.…”

The Efficacy of Plant-Based Bioactives Supplementation to Different Proportion of Concentrate Diets on Methane Production and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro

“…Furthermore, PE increased the concentration of ruminal NH 3 -N, which might be due to the role of PE in enhancing the proteolysis process. This nitrogen source can be captured and used by rumen microorganisms to build their own protein [ 27 ], which in turn would be used as a protein source for the animal [ 28 ]. A similar effect has been reported when this PE was used as a feed supplement with a 70:30 ratio of forage to concentrate diet in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) [ 29 ].…”

Ruminant Lick Blocks, Particularly in China: A Review

“…NB can partially replace concentrates in the dietary ration. Carlos et al [81] examined in vitro fermentation of avocado and mango wastes (peels and a pulp:peels (PP) mixture) with goat rumen fluid and the potential of including the PP mixture in NB for goats. The wastes had high moisture content, high levels of non-structural carbohydrates from mango and high levels of fat from avocado.…”