Potential of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for a Discriminant Characterization of PDO VOOs

Abstract

Interest in virgin olive oil (VOO) is growing among consumers and industry due to its well‐received sensorial attributes and to its higher oxidative stability, as well as to its positive health effects. Furthermore, attention is being increasingly paid to other quality attributes of VOO, such as sustainability and geographical origin. For these reasons, this oil has an important added value and is exposed to fraudulent practices. In order to guarantee its origin, the European Union (EU) has developed the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) quality scheme that links the characteristics of a VOO to its geographical origin. In recent years attempts to develop tools that enable the authentication of PDO‐labeled VOOs are carried out. In this regard, studies using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to this aim are here reviewed. Practical Applications: Due to the added value of PDO VOOs, their authentication is of great importance for administration, consumers and producers. The studies in which NMR spectroscopy has been used to this aim are analyzed here. In this context, this review provides a view of the state of the art that can be of practical interest not only for the researchers of the subject but also for the aforementioned groups. Approaches based on NMR spectroscopic data combined with different statistical analysis are used to develop predictive models with the aim of discriminating PDO VOOs from non‐PDO oils, or even to discriminate a VOO from a certain PDO from other different PDO oils.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Secoiridoids Modulate the Metabolic Activity of Dacarbazine Pre-Treated and Treatment-Naive Melanoma Cells

“…There are several methods for the quantification of EVOO polyphenols/secoiridoids; the most commonly used method is liquid chromatography coupled with UV-Vis/MS detection [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. However, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as a powerful tool for the investigation of complex mixtures, has increasingly been applied for the characterization of olive oils in general [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] and particularly for the determination of olive oil polyphenols [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The 1 H qNMR method developed by Karkoula et al [ 41 ] has recently been used for the quantification of important bioactive EVOO secoiridoids, including OCEIN, OCAL, and a few others [ 42 ], as well in studies concerning their biological activities [ 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in extra virgin olive oil authentication

“…It is a fundamental component of the Mediterranean diet, and according to several studies (Gaforio et al., 2019; Owen et al., 2000) and a specific health claim (European Commission, 2012), the intake of a proper amount of olive oil improves health thanks to its nutritional values and antioxidant properties, attributable to its content of polyphenols, which contribute to the protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress (Gorzynik‐Debicka et al., 2018). Due to its excellent health and organoleptic characteristics (del Caño‐Ochoa et al., 2018), the demand for olive oil has significantly increased in recent decades.…”

Development of Chemometric Models Based on a LC-qToF-MS Approach to Verify the Geographic Origin of Virgin Olive Oil

“…Recently, several papers on the differentiation of olive oil from different regions using different analytical methods combined with multivariate techniques have been published. Such methods are MS-based techniques [ 16 , 17 ], HPLC [ 18 ], genomics [ 19 ], stable isotope ratio analysis [ 5 , 20 ], NMR [ 9 , 21 , 22 ], NIR [ 7 ] or two-dimensional GC-MS [ 23 ]. Regarding the application of NMR in questions of origin verification there are only few studies available, mostly based on 1H-NMR as the generation of quantitative data is faster and simpler in comparison to 13C-NMR [ 21 ].…”