Potential of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses of Wild Bird Origin to Establish Experimental Infections in Turkeys and Chickens

Ladman, B. S.; Driscoll, CP; Pope, Conrad R.; Rd, Slemons; Gelb, Jack

doi:10.1637/9228-010410-resnote.1

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ladman et al [16] examined the upper respiratory and the intestinal tract of turkeys and chickens after inoculation of different LPAI viruses, including the mallard isolates H5N1 and H7N3. H5N1 LPAIV could only be isolated from the upper respiratory tract of turkeys, while H7N3 LPAIV was isolated from the upper respiratory and the intestinal tract of both turkeys and chickens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic distribution of different low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in chicken

Post

Geus

Vervelde

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundSince we were able to isolate viable virus from brain and lung of H7N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infected chickens, we here examined the distribution of different LPAIV strains in chickens by measuring the viral AI RNA load in multiple organs. Subtypes of H5 (H5N1, H5N2), H7 (H7N1, H7N7) and H9 (H9N2), of chicken (H5N2, H7N1, H7N7, H9N2), or mallard (H5N1) origin were tested. The actual presence of viable virus was evaluated with virus isolation in organs of H7N7 inoculated chickens.FindingsViral RNA was found by PCR in lung, brain, intestine, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, heart, liver, kidney and spleen from chickens infected with chicken isolated LPAIV H5N2, H7N1, H7N7 or H9N2. H7N7 virus could be isolated from lung, ileum, heart, liver, kidney and spleen, but not from brain, which was in agreement with the data from the PCR. Infection with mallard isolated H5N1 LPAIV resulted in viral RNA detection in lung and peripheral blood mononuclear cells only.ConclusionWe speculate that chicken isolated LPAI viruses are spreading systemically in chicken, independently of the strain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic distribution of different low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in chicken

Post

Geus

Vervelde

et al. 2013

Virol J

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“…Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are carried subclinically by a variety of waterfowl inhabiting the Chesapeake Bay region [18]. Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) are regularly detected from both resident and migratory waterfowl in the mid-Atlantic region at a low to moderate frequency [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A Virus Detected in Native Bivalves in Waterfowl Habitat of the Delmarva Peninsula, USA

Densmore

Iwanowicz

McLaughlin³

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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We evaluated the prevalence of influenza A virus (IAV) in different species of bivalves inhabiting natural water bodies in waterfowl habitat along the Delmarva Peninsula and Chesapeake Bay in eastern Maryland. Bivalve tissue from clam and mussel specimens (Macoma balthica, Macoma phenax, Mulinia sp., Rangia cuneata, Mya arenaria, Guekensia demissa, and an undetermined mussel species) from five collection sites was analyzed for the presence of type A influenza virus by qPCR targeting the matrix gene. Of the 300 tissue samples analyzed, 13 samples (4.3%) tested positive for presence of influenza virus A matrix gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of IAV in the tissue of any bivalve mollusk from a natural water body.

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“…Only mild lesions (sinusitis) were observed at necropsy of chickens inoculated intrachoanally with LPAI H7N9 (Spackman et al., ) and many LPAI viruses do not induce gross lesions in chickens, as, for instance, those reported for isolates derived from 2005–2006 in outbreak of LPAIV from in Japan (Okamatsu et al., ). LPAIV H5N1 and H7N3 isolates of wild bird origin were not pathogenic in turkeys and chickens (Ladman et al., ). Overall, LPAIV very rarely causes visible lesions on the carcasses of Galliformes birds that can be detected during meat inspection.…”

Section: Assessment Of Lpaiv Transmission Via Raw Poultry Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of low pathogenic avian influenza virus transmission via raw poultry meat and raw table eggs

Gonzáles¹,

Roberts²,

Śmietanka³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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A rapid qualitative assessment has been done by performing a theoretical analysis on the transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) via fresh meat from poultry reared or kept in captivity for the production of meat (raw poultry meat) or raw table eggs. A predetermined transmission pathway followed a number of steps from a commercial or non‐commercial poultry establishment within the EU exposed to LPAI virus (LPAIV) to the onward virus transmission to animals and humans. The combined probability of exposure and subsequent LPAIV infection via raw poultry meat containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans exposed via consumption whereas it is very unlikely for non‐commercial poultry, wild birds and humans exposed via handling and manipulation. The probability of LPAIV transmission from an individual infected via raw poultry meat containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans, whereas it is very unlikely for non‐commercial poultry and wild birds. The combined probability of exposure and subsequent LPAIV infection via raw table eggs containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans and extremely unlikely to negligible for non‐commercial poultry and wild birds. The probability of LPAIV transmission from an individual infected via raw table eggs containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans and very unlikely to negligible for non‐commercial poultry and wild birds. Although the presence of LPAIV in raw poultry meat and table eggs is very unlikely to negligible, there is in general a high level of uncertainty on the estimation of the subsequent probabilities of key steps of the transmission pathways for poultry and wild birds, mainly due to the limited number of studies available, for instance on the viral load required to infect a bird via raw poultry meat or raw table eggs containing LPAIV.

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Potential of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses of Wild Bird Origin to Establish Experimental Infections in Turkeys and Chickens

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Systemic distribution of different low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in chicken

Systemic distribution of different low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in chicken

Influenza A Virus Detected in Native Bivalves in Waterfowl Habitat of the Delmarva Peninsula, USA

Assessment of low pathogenic avian influenza virus transmission via raw poultry meat and raw table eggs

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