Potential of industrial wastewater reuse

Performance of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes for steel wastewater reuse

“…Wastewater reuse has become very popular worldwide since it can be an alternative water source [1][2][3][4][5]. The steel industry consumes significant quantities of freshwater, and corresponding *Corresponding author.…”

Virtual industrial water usage and wastewater generation in the Middle East and North Africa 2011–2015

“…The application of oil-refinery effluent over a prolonged period on certain types of soil has been reported to cause an increase in the soil's heavy metal content (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, and Ni), with levels potentially accumulating to toxic levels, which could make the soil become phytotoxic (Rajesh et al 2009). Such changes should be a cause for concern in countries that use refinery wastewater for irrigation, such as in Jordan (Mohsen and Jaber 2002).…”

Evaluation of potential for reuse of industrial wastewater using metal-immobilized catalysts and reverse osmosis

“…If the wastewater is reused for activities such as washing floors and cooling in power station, the reusing water quality is easily achieved by additional simple physical and chemical treatments (Rebhun and Engel, 1988;Mohsen and Jaber, 2002;Mohammadnejad et al, 2011). However, more specific and complicated treatment for reusing wastewater in the electronics industry is necessary to produce high purity water which is supplied to UPW production process (Victoria University and CSIRO, 2008;Guttwerres and de Aquim, 2013).…”