Potential of Future Thermoelectric Energy Recuperation for Aviation

Bode, Christoph; Friedrichs, Jens; Somdalen, Ragnar; Köhler, Jürgen; Büchter, Kai-Daniel; Falter, Christoph; Kling, Ulrich; Ziółkowski, Pawel; Zabrocki, Knud; Müller, Eckhard; Kožulović, Dragan

doi:10.1115/imece2016-66650

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The second is an engine-out diversion operation at reduced speed and altitude, typically achieved through a drift-down from cruise altitude with the remaining engine operating at maximum thrust. The diversion conditions used here are considered typical of a modern wide-body long-range aircraft [26] and are comparable with those for medium-range aircraft [27].…”

Section: Parametric Geometry Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Aerodynamic Design of Nacelles for Future Civil Aero-Engines

Schreiner

Tejero

MacManus

et al. 2020

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Fans and Blowers

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As the growth of aviation continues it is necessary to minimise the impact on the environment, through reducing NOx emissions, fuel-burn and noise. In order to achieve these goals, the next generation of Ultra-High Bypass Ratio engines are expected to increase propulsive efficiency through operating at reduced specific thrust. Consequently, there is an expected increase in fan diameter and the associated potential penalties of nacelle drag and weight. In order to ensure that these penalties do not negate the benefits obtained from the new engine cycles, it is envisaged that future civil aero-engines will be mounted in compact nacelles. While nacelle design has traditionally been tackled by multi-objective optimisation at different flight conditions within the cruise segment, it is anticipated that compact configurations will present larger sensitivity to off-design conditions. Therefore, a design method that considers the different operating conditions that are met within the full flight envelope is required for the new nacelle design challenge. The method is employed to carry out multi-point multi-objective optimisation of axisymmetric aero-lines at different transonic and subsonic operating conditions. It considers mid-cruise conditions, end-of-cruise conditions, the sensitivity to changes in flight Mach number, windmilling conditions with a cruise engine-out case and an engine-out diversion scenario. Optimisation routines were conducted for a conventional nacelle and a future aero-engine architecture, upon which the aerodynamic trade-offs between the different flight conditions are discussed. Subsequently, the tool has been employed to identify the viable nacelle design space for future compact civil aero-engines for a range of nacelle lengths.

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Section: Parametric Geometry Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Aerodynamic Design of Nacelles for Future Civil Aero-Engines

Schreiner

Tejero

MacManus

et al. 2020

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Fans and Blowers

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Efficiency Measurement and Modeling of a High‐Performance Mg₂(Si,Sn)‐Based Thermoelectric Generator

et al. 2022

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Mg2(Si,Sn) is an attractive material class due to its excellent thermoelectric (TE) properties, its eco‐friendly constituents, its low mass density, and its low price. A lot of research has been done on optimizing its TE properties; however, works on its use in thermoelectric generators (TEG) are scarce. Herein, the first conversion efficiency measurement of a functional, fully Mg2(Si,Sn)‐based TEG, approaching a maximum value of 4% for an applied ΔT = 375 °C, is shown. A maximum power density of 0.9 W cm−2 (related to the cross‐sectional area of the TE legs) at ΔT=375 °C is also reported, which is among the highest performance of silicide‐based modules reported in literature. Efficiency measurements can be tricky due to the uncertainty of heat flow measurement and parasitic heat losses; therefore, assessing the measurement reliability by confronting it to theoretical calculations is necessary. TEG device simulation in a constant property model is used to compare measured data to expected values and a good match is found (<1% deviation for current at maximum power, <4% difference for maximum power output, deviation within measurement uncertainty range for heat flows and efficiency). The significant discrepancy between measurement and calculations of the inner electrical resistance reveals room for improvement. Cracks form due to thermally induced mechanical stress, which dramatically increase the inner electrical resistance. It is shown that by avoiding those cracks, the maximum power output and conversion efficiency of the TEG could be improved by 30%.

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