Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats

Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro; Arundina, Ira; Rahayu, Retno Pudji; Mansur, Dieni; Bramantoro, Taufan

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693527

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The main phenolic compounds in LC-SS are phenol, guaiacol, and 4-ethly-2-methoxyphenol. 16 Phenolic compound has a hydroxyl group (-OH) that is directly bound to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. 19 Previous research has shown that topical treatment of LC-SS promotes oral ulcer healing, 15 by increasing the production of collagens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Macrophage Responses during Diabetic Oral Ulcer Healing by Liquid Coconut Shell Smoke: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

et al. 2020

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Objectives Liquid coconut shell smoke (LC-SS) is used in natural food preservation for a long history. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of LC-SS in macrophage responses during diabetic oral ulcer healing as medication. Materials and Methods Oral ulcers were induced in the labial lower mucosa of the research subjects using a round steel blade following diabetic induction by means of alloxan. Twenty-four diabetic Wistar rats presenting oral ulcers were divided into two groups, a test group, which was given topical treatment of LC-SS and a control group, which was given benzydamine hydrochloride (BHCl). The role of LC-SS in macrophages was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. Result LC-SS increased macrophages compared with BHCl (p = 0.000). The LC-SS affected only TNF-α expression by stimulating NF-κB expression (p = 0.046) but did not macrophage numbers (p = 0.861). Conclusion LC-SS has a stronger effect compared with BHCl on diabetic oral ulcer healing by increasing macrophage response to produce TNF-α while decreasing NF-κB expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pyrolysis process was conducted at 400°C prior to distillation at 120 to 150°C to produce distilled liquid smoke. 15,16…”

Section: Distilled Liquid Smoke Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macrophage Responses during Diabetic Oral Ulcer Healing by Liquid Coconut Shell Smoke: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…9,24 The application of LS-CE may affect the regulatory macrophages. The phenolic compounds in the LS-CE are able to decrease the M2 macrophages to produce the proinflammatory cytokine like TNF-α, 14 by inhibiting the activation of NF-kB. 14 Meanwhile, in the wound-healing process, lymphocytes have a modulatory role.…”

Section: Ls-ce Role In Fibroblasts Ernawati Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

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Objective The liquid smoke of coconut endocarp (LS-CE) contains high antioxidants that promote oral ulcer healing in diabetics. This study reveals the profile of inflammatory cell responses to oral ulcer healing in diabetics under treatment with LS-CE. Materials and Methods A diabetic model was induced with alloxan. Treatment with LS-CE was performed on oral ulcer at a dose of 1 μL/g weight for 3, 5, and 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on animal’s oral ulcer model by measuring the inflammatory cell responses of the neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts through histological assessment. Results The LS-CE stimulated the healing by simultaneously increasing the inflammatory cell responses. The numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts after treatment for 7 days are higher than that after 3 days and 5 days (p < 0.01), but not for neutrophils. The LS-CE shows increase in the fibroblasts by hastening responses of macrophage recruitment by five times, but not neutrophil and lymphocyte recruitment. The higher phenolic compounds in LS-CE are responsible for increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts, as it hastens cellular responses of macrophages. Conclusions The application of LS-CE enables hastening of the healing of diabetic oral ulcer by stimulating the macrophages.

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“…The NF-κB pathway has been considered as the prototypical pro-inflammatory signaling pathway largely based on the activation of NF-κB by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. 7 TNF-α can induce the degradation of NF-κB inhibitor (IκB) via a specific cascade pathway. IκB sequesters NF-κB in the cytoplasmic compartment by binding to its inhibitory subunit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activating the NF-κB. 7 The inhibition of NF-κB and TNF-α is the key for the anti-inflammatory effect to increase the oral mucosal wound healing. 8 This study was therefore designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Musa acuminata through expression of TNF-α and NF-κB after 3 days of application of MASE on oral mucosal wounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Musa acuminata Stem

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Objective This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Musa acuminata through the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB) after 3 days of application of Musa acuminata stem extract (MASE) gel on oral mucosal wound. Materials and Methods An experimental study with post-test only control group design was conducted. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) were injured on their left buccal mucosa and treated three times a day with MASE gel of varying concentrations: 0% (as control), MASE 25%, MASE 37.5%, and MASE 50%. On day 3, a biopsy was performed on each mucosal wound for later immunohistochemical analysis for the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB. Results The highest expression of TNF-α was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.79), while the lowest was in the treatment group using 50% MASE (6.40 ± 1.14). Meanwhile the comparison between treatment groups did not highlight any significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest expression of NF-κB was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.30), whereas the lowest was in the treatment group using MASE 50% (6.40 ± 1.14). NF-κB was significantly lower in the treatment group using MASE 50% when compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Application of MASE on mucosal wound reduces the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at all concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect of MASE 50% was the strongest one.

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Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

The Macrophage Responses during Diabetic Oral Ulcer Healing by Liquid Coconut Shell Smoke: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

The Macrophage Responses during Diabetic Oral Ulcer Healing by Liquid Coconut Shell Smoke: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Musa acuminata Stem

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