Potential of Commercial Wood-Based Materials as PCB Substrate

Immonen, Kirsi; Lyytikäinen, Johanna; Keränen, Janne; Eiroma, Kim; Suhonen, Mika; Leminen, Ville; Välimäki, Marja; Hakola, Liisa

doi:10.3390/ma15072679

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A previous study of bamboo surfaces, investigated by Bao et al [ 100 ], supports this fact. On the other hand, the XRD data of cement-treated wood (W IC and W IIC ), are differentiated by 3 peak ranges, namely: (i) 5 peaks at 47.32°, 48.62°, 51.74°,and 62.32° attribute to CaO 2 (03-0865), which is derived from lime crystal (CaO) [ 5 ]; (ii) 7 peaks at 22.43°, 29.46°, 32.54°, 36.18°, 38.78°, 39.46°, and 49.90° attribute to SiO 2 (82-1232); (iii) and 3 peaks at 34.34°, 41.35°, 43.53°, and 56.56° attribute to Al 2 O 3 (42-1468).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The building industry is responsible for around a quarter of all CO 2 emissions [ 3 ], not to mention the loss of non-renewable resources [ 4 ]. As a result, the building industry must innovate to ensure customer satisfaction, while also being environmentally sustainable, hence the interest in creating an eco-construction technique [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. This unique design technique strives to produce pleasant structures at a reduced environmental cost by using more efficient materials [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Environments’ Effect on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Wood–Concrete Composites

et al. 2022

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This paper addresses the issues in making wood–concrete composites more resilient to environmental conditions and to improve their compressive strength. Tests were carried out on cubic specimens of 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 composed of ordinary concrete with a 2% redwood- and hardwood-chip dosage. Superficial treatments of cement and lime were applied to the wood chips. All specimens were kept for 28 days in the open air and for 12 months in: the open air, drinking water, seawater, and an oven. Consequently, the compressive strength of ordinary concrete is approximately 37.1 MPa. After 365 days of exposure to the open air, drinking water, seawater, and the oven, a resistance loss of 35.84, 36.06, 42.85, and 52.30% were observed, respectively. In all environments investigated, the untreated wood composite concrete’s resistance decreased significantly, while the cement/lime treatment of the wood enhanced them. However, only 15.5 MPa and 14.6 MPa were attained after the first 28 days in the cases of the redwood and the hardwood treated with lime. These findings indicate that the resistance of wood–concrete composites depends on the type of wood used. Treating wood chips with cement is a potential method for making these materials resistant in conservation situations determined by the cement’s chemical composition. The current study has implications for researchers and practitioners for further understanding the impact of these eco-friendly concretes in the construction industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Environments’ Effect on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Wood–Concrete Composites

et al. 2022

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“…Hence, the future green electronics industry should consider the use of lower amounts of raw and renewable materials and less consumption of power. Ecodesign strives for the utilization of materials having less environmental impact, fewer resources, and lower materials usage in the manufacturing process, while generating less waste and pollution [146,147]. The flexible plastic substrates that are largely used in printed electronics cause major harm to the environment.…”

Section: Ecofriendly Product Design and Manufacturing As An Alternati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and Environment

Ghulam

Abushammala

2023

Sustainability

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Electronic waste (e-waste) is the fastest-growing class of waste because of the remarkable demand for various electronic gadgets such as mobiles and laptops. Moreover, its improper disposal is life-threatening because it includes hundreds of different substances, many of which are toxic elements and pollutants that can leach to soil and surface and groundwater or be emitted into the air, causing a major negative impact on the environment and public health. As a result, studies on the sustainable management of e-waste have gained increasing attention from researchers globally in the last decade to explore practical strategies to reduce or utilize this special waste. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the major aspects of e-waste, including its definition, composition, and the impact of its end-of-life disposal on human health and the environment, while also focusing on some practical sustainable solutions and strategies toward effective e-waste management. It will also discuss the production of electronics; global demand and the mining boom; and the pollution caused by mining. It will also highlight the importance of effective governmental regulations, with which electronics producers, e-waste generators, and recycling facilities should comply. The research perspectives and orientations highlighted within this review can help in providing guidelines for future research studies and in exploring opportunities for more effective management of e-waste toward a circular economy and sustainable development.

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“…Immonen et al [37] investigated the possibility of cardboard and veneer as substrate materials for biodegradable printed circuit boards. The study examined print quality, electrical conductivity, fire performance, and biodegradation.…”

Section: B Materials and Processes Used To Produce Printed Electronic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable and Nanocomposite Materials as Printed Circuit Substrates: A Mini-Review

Géczy

Farkas

Kovács

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Nanotechnol.

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Biodegradables are a promising path for the future of electronics in a greener mindset. The review study focuses on their applications and past and current research results. The paper also investigates the application of nanomaterials as fillers to control or increase the physical (electrical, mechanical, thermal) properties of biodegradable biopolymers. These biodegradables and nanocomposites are already effectively used in prototypes and advanced application areas with demanding requirements, such as flexible and wearable electronics, implantable or biomedical applications, and traditional commercial electronics. The nanoenhanced biopolymer substrates (e.g., with improved gas and water barrier functionalities) sometimes also with integrated, nanoenabled functionalities (such as electromagnetic shielding or plasmonic activity) can be beneficial in many electronics packaging and nanopackaging applications as well.

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Potential of Commercial Wood-Based Materials as PCB Substrate

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Conservation Environments’ Effect on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Wood–Concrete Composites

Conservation Environments’ Effect on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Wood–Concrete Composites

Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and Environment

Biodegradable and Nanocomposite Materials as Printed Circuit Substrates: A Mini-Review

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