Potential of Cocoa Ethanol Extract Toward Nematocyst Tubul Firing Inhibition of Physalia Utriculus Toxin In Vitro

Abstract

AbstrakDiperkirakan 150 juta kasus envenomasi akibat sengatan ubur-ubur terjadi setiap tahun secara global. Terdapat 100 dari 10.000 spesies ubur-ubur di dunia diketahui berbahaya bagi manusia yang salah satunya adalah Physalia utriculus. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui potensi ekstrak etanol biji kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap penghambatan firing tubul nematosista racun ubur-ubur (P. utriculus) secara in vitro. Metode yang digunakan ialah true experimental design dengan post test only control group design. Penelitian terdiri atas 8 kelompok: 1 kontrol normal, 1 kontrol positif, 1 kontrol negatif, dan 5 perlakuan dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol biji kakao berkonsentrasi 20%, 2%, 0,2%, 0,02%, 0,002%. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menghitung persentase jumlah nematosista yang mengalami firing. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata persentase firing pada kelompok kontrol normal sebesar 42,50 ± 3,18, kelompok kontrol positif sebesar 37,97 ± 5,57, kelompok kontrol negatif sebesar 52,44 ± 2,98, dan kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol biji kakao 20%, 2%, 0,2%, 0,02%, 0,002% berturut-turut, yaitu 48,24 ± 5,37; 40,62 ± 7,10; 29,45 ± 5,39; 37,60 ± 9,78; 41,11 ± 3,92. Hasil uji statistik One Way Annova menujukkan nilai signifikansi 0,001 (p≤0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah ekstrak etanol biji kakao dengan konsentrasi 0,2% paling berpotensi menghambat firing tubul nematosista racun ubur-ubur (P. utriculus) secara in vitro. AbstractThere was estimated 150 million envenomation cases due to jellyfish stings occur globally every year. 100 from 10,000 jellyfish species in the world known to be dangerous, one them is Physalia utriculus. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) ethanol extract toward nematocyst tubul firing inhibition of jellyfish (Physalia utriculus) toxin in vitro. The method was true experimental design with post test only control group design. The study divided into 8 groups: 1 normal control, 1 positive control, 1 negative control, and 5 treatments grups by giving cocoa ethanol extract with concentration 20%, 2%, 0.2%, 0.02%, 0.002%. The observation was made by calculating the percentage number of firing nematocysts. The result showed average percentage of firing nematocyst in the normal control group was 42.50 ± 3.18, positive control group was 37.97 ± 5.57, negative control group was 52.44 ± 2.98, and treatment group which given with cocoa ethanol extract 20%, 2%, 0.2%, 0.02%, 0.002% were 48.24 ± 5.37; 40.62 ± 7.10; 29.45 ± 5.39; 37.60 ± 9.78; 41.11 ± 3.92, respectively. The One Way Annova statistical results test show significance value 0.001 (p≤0.05). The conclusion of this study was the cocoa ethanol extract with concentration 0.2% has most potential to inhibit the jellyfish (P. utriculus) nematocyst tubule firing in vitro.