Potential of Bacterial Cellulose Chemisorbed with Anti-Metabolites, 3-Bromopyruvate or Sertraline, to Fight against Helicobacter pylori Lawn Biofilm

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium known mainly of its ability to cause persistent inflammations of the human stomach, resulting in peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancers. Continuous exposure of this bacterium to antibiotics has resulted in high detection of multidrug-resistant strains and difficulties in obtaining a therapeutic effect. The purpose of the present study was to determine the usability of bacterial cellulose (BC) chemisorbed with 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) or sertraline (SER) to act against lawn H. pylori biofilms. The characterization of BC carriers was made using a N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, tensile strength test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Determination of an antimicrobial activity was performed using a modified disk-diffusion method and a self-designed method of testing antibacterial activity against biofilm microbial forms. In addition, bacterial morphology was checked by SEM. It was found that BC disks were characterized by a high cross-linking and shear/stretch resistance. Growth inhibition zones for BC disks chemisorbed with 2 mg of SER or 3-BP were equal to 26.5–27.5 mm and 27–30 mm, respectively. The viability of lawn biofilm H. pylori cells after a 4-h incubation with 2 mg SER or 3-BP chemisorbed on BC disks was ≥4 log lower, suggesting their antibacterial effect. SEM observations showed a number of morphostructural changes in H. pylori cells exposed to these substances. Concluding, SER and 3-BP chemisorbed on BC carriers presented a promising antibacterial activity against biofilm H. pylori cells in in vitro conditions.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Activity of Newly Synthesized Peptides Absorbed into Bacterial Cellulose Carrier against Acne vulgaris

“…In our own studies we have found, and had confirmed by other researchers, that BC may be used for the absorption of numerous substances, while its biological activity is maintained after such procedures [ 22 ]. Some authors have proposed BC as an efficient drug carrier, presumably for controlled drug release [ 23 ].…”

Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial-Enhancing Activity of Chelidonium majus and Corydalis cheilanthifolia Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori

“…In the second step of determining the antibiofilm activity of the tested components, the antimicrobial effect of the extracts and their combinations with AMX, 3-BP, or SER was checked against a mature 3-day-old biofilm growing in the form of lawn. At this stage, we used a model established by our research group and presented in previous studies [ 22 , 52 ], involving the sorption of the tested components into cellulose disks and determining their antibiofilm activity against biofilm formed on porous, soft agar surface. The application of this in vitro model is particularly useful for testing substances that should be applied locally (they should not/cannot be used in systemic therapies, e.g., due to inability to achieve an appropriate bactericidal concentration) and require an appropriate delivery carrier [ 31 , 32 ].…”

“…During all stages of the research, the multidrug-resistant, clinical H. pylori 8064 strain was used, for which resistance to CLR, LEV, and MTZ was proved in our earlier research [ 22 ]. This strain was kept in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB; Oxoid, Dardilly, France) with 15% glycerol in a freezer at −70 °C [ 34 , 35 ].…”

“…Determination of interactions between the selected plant extracts and substances with documented antimicrobial activity against H. pylori 8064 (amoxicillin (AMX), 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP), or sertraline (SER)) [ 22 , 34 , 35 ], all from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was performed using the checkerboard assay [ 34 , 35 ]. To obtain this, four 12-well plates were joined together to form a 48-well panel.…”

“…The methodology of Krasowski and Junka et al (2019) [ 52 ] and Krzyżek and Junka et al (2020) [ 22 ], with minor modifications, was used to assess the activity of substances in relation to the mature biofilms. The 12-well titration plates were filled with 2 mL of BHI agar (Oxoid, Dardilly, France) and the agar was allowed to solidify, after which 15 mm diameter wells were cut in everywhere.…”