Potential of Alkaline Hydrolysis for the Removal of Fumonisins from Contaminated Corn

Sydenham, Eric W.; Stockenström, Sonja; Thiel, Pieter G.; Shephard, Gordon S.; Koch, Klaus; Marasas, Walter F. O.

doi:10.1021/jf00053a014

Cited by 69 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Toxicity of the hydrolyzed product has been demonstrated in some experimental systems. Other reports found that fumonisin concentrations were not reduced by heat treatment (54).…”

Section: Developing Methods For Reducing Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…During this process, the maize is treated with Ca(OH) 2 and heated. Research has shown that Ca(OH) 2 treatment can reduce detectable FB 1 concentrations (37,40,54), but there are conflicting reports about the toxicity of the hydrolyzed end products. Murphy et al (37) found that the hydrolyzed fumonisin may be nearly as toxic as unaltered FB 1 .…”

Section: Developing Methods For Reducing Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammoniation, tested as a detoxification method for other mycotoxins (particularly aflatoxins), may successfully detoxify the fumonisins when combined with high temperature (41). Low temperature ammoniation has not been successful (54). A promising method for detoxification was recently reported.…”

Section: Developing Methods For Reducing Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fumonisins in Maize: Can We Reduce Their Occurrence?

1997

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“…Toxicity of the hydrolyzed product has been demonstrated in some experimental systems. Other reports found that fumonisin concentrations were not reduced by heat treatment (54).…”

Section: Developing Methods For Reducing Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Developing Methods For Reducing Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fumonisins in Maize: Can We Reduce Their Occurrence?

1997

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“…Fumonisins are found more concentrated in the pericarp and germ of the grain than in the endosperm, so that removal of those outer parts by mechanical processes such as dehulling can significantly reduce the toxin in maize (Charmley and Prelusky, 1995;Sydenham et al, 1995;FDA, 2000b). However, influence of maize grain colour on fumonisin contamination does not seem to be clear.…”

Section: Maize Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of maize by Fusarium species and contamination with fumonisin in africa

Fandohan¹,

Hell²,

Marasas³

et al. 2003

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

116

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Fusarium is one of the major fungal genera associated with maize in Africa. This genus comprises several toxigenic species including F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, which are the most prolific producers of fumonisins. The fumonisins are a group of economically important mycotoxins and very common contaminants of maize-based foods and feeds throughout the world. They have been found to be associated with several animal diseases such as leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary oedema in pigs. Effects of fumonisins on humans are not yet well understood. However, their occurrence in maize has been associated with high incidences of oesophageal and liver cancer. Infection of maize by Fusarium species and contamination with fumonisins are generally influenced by many factors including environmental conditions (climate, temperature, humidity), insect infestation and pre-and postharvest handling. Attempts to control F. verticillioides and to detoxify or reduce fumonisin levels in maize have been undertaken. However, more research studies are urgently needed in order to understand more about this toxin. Fumonisins are less documented because they are recently discovered mycotoxins compared to aflatoxins. To date in Africa, apart from South Africa, very little information is available on Fusarium infection and fumonisin contamination in maize. It is a matter of great concern that on this continent, millions of people are consuming contaminated maize and maize-based foods daily without being aware of the danger.

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“…It has been suggested that fusaric acid, another mycotoxin commonly produced by F. moniliforme (51,113), exacerbates fumonisin toxicity (114,115 Masa flour is made from nixtamalized corn. During nixtamalization, corn is boiled under alkaline conditions sufficient to convert fumonisins to their hydrolyzed forms (117,118). A study by Hendrich et al (63) showed that nixtamalization did not reduce hepatotoxicity or cancer-promoting activity of F. proliferatum culture material, even though FB 1 and FB 2 were converted to HFB 1 and HFB 2 .…”

Section: Reproduction and Teratology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of rodent toxicities: liver and kidney effects of fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme.

Voss

Riley

Norred

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

120

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Fumonisins are produced by Fusarium moniliforme F. verticillioides) and other Fusarium that grow on corn worldwide. They cause fatal toxicoses of horses and swine. Their effects in humans are unclear, but epidemiologic evidence suggests that consumption of fumonisin-contaminated corn contributes to human esophageal cancer in southern Africa and China. Much has been learned from rodent studies about fumonisin B1(FB1), the most common homologue. FB1 is poorly absorbed and rapidly eliminated in feces. Minor amounts are retained in liver and kidneys. Unlike other mycotoxins, fumonisins cause the same liver cancer promotion and subchronic (studies (3/4) 90 days) liver and kidney effects as (italic)F. moniliforme. FB 1 induces apoptosis of hepatocytes and of proximal tubule epithelial cells. More advanced lesions in both organs are characterized by simultaneous cell loss (apoptosis and necrosis) and proliferation (mitosis). Microscopic and other findings suggest that an imbalance between cell loss and replacement develops, a condition favorable for carcinogenesis. On the molecular level, fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase, and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism and, theoretically, sphingolipid-mediated regulatory processes that influence apoptosis and mitosis. Liver sphingolipid effects and toxicity are correlated, and ceramide synthase inhibition occurs in liver and kidney at doses below their respective no-observed-effect levels. FB1 does not cross the placenta and is not teratogenic in vivoin rats, mice, or rabbits, but is embryotoxic at high, maternally toxic doses. These data have contributed to preliminary risk evaluation and to protocol development for carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity studies of FB1 in rats and mice.

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Potential of Alkaline Hydrolysis for the Removal of Fumonisins from Contaminated Corn

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Fumonisins in Maize: Can We Reduce Their Occurrence?

Fumonisins in Maize: Can We Reduce Their Occurrence?

Infection of maize by Fusarium species and contamination with fumonisin in africa

An overview of rodent toxicities: liver and kidney effects of fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme.

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