Potential Nevadensin from Ocimum basilicum as Antibacterial Agent against Streptococcus mutans: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria which contributes to biofilm formation and causes dental caries. The inhibition of SrtA, gbpC, and Ag I/II is a promising target to be developed as an antibacterial. Ocimum bacilicum is known to have antibacterial activity. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential nevadensin as antibacterial against S. mutans. Methods: Antibacterial analysis was carried out by disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods and the in-silico study was performed with ligand-protein docking. Results: The result showed that the MIC and MBC values of nevadensin are 900 and 7200 µg/mL, respectively. The binding energy of nevadensin to SrtA, gbpC, and Ag I/II were -4.53, 8.37, -6.12 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Nevadensin shows moderate activity as an antibacterial against S. mutans. Meanwhile, in silico studies showed it has the same binding strength as chlorhexidine in inhibiting SrtA, whereas to gbpC and Ag I/II, it has a weaker binding affinity. Therefore, nevadensin has the potential as natural antibacterial against S. mutans by inhibiting SrtA.

Antifungal Constituents of Piper crocatum and Their Activities as Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors Discovered via In Silico Study Using ADMET and Drug-Likeness Analysis

“…To predict docked proteinligands orientation and binding affinity in the active site, the hydrogen bonds and docking score for determination of the biomolecule structure and function are required [70,71]. Whereas constant inhibition (Ki) signifies a parameter at half-maximum concentration to make an inhibitor effect [72,73]. Also, ligand 3 has the best Ki value than positive control, ligands 1, and 2 against all targetted enzymes.…”

“…In total, 100 µL of the compounds was added to the microplate and then the concentration was diluted gradually. The 0.5 Mc Farland fungal solution was measured in a microplate reader at 620 nm, and then 5 µL was added, respectively, to the microplate and incubated at 37 • C. After 24 h, the microplate was measured in a microplate reader to identify the optical density [73]. The observed optical density value was used to identify the minimum concentration of samples to inhibit the fungal by the MIC value [113].…”

Potential of Syzygnium polyanthum as Natural Food Preservative: A Review

“…Antimicrobial activity can be determined by measuring the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungal concentration (MFC). MIC is the minimal antimicrobial agent concentration that inhibits microbial growth, whereas MBC or MFC is the minimal antimicrobial agent concentration necessary to kill microorganisms [ 147 ].…”

Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Pharmacology, Chemical Constituents, and Application for Dental Health

“…Therefore, natural product drug discovery research is of particular interest to researchers as a natural antibacterial agent. The main parameters in determining antibacterial activity are the inhibition zone value, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) as a reference for the minimum concentration that can inhibit bacterial growth, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as a reference for the minimum concentration needed to kill a microorganism [ 19 ]. Based on the bioactivity and phytochemicals contained in M. oleifera , this plant has become one of the natural sources for dental disease treatment.…”