Potential neurological lesion after nasal instillation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the anatase and rutile crystal phases

The potential health risk of titania nanoparticles

“…The olfactory nerve is speculated to be the most likely pathway for the transport of intranasally instilled NPs to the brain [30,63,64]. High accumulation, oxidative stress, and obvious morphological alteration of hippocampal neurons and olfactory bulb were detected after nasal exposure to TNPs [65]. In contrast, TNPs induced only a slight brain lesion after oral gavage [32].…”

Nasal instillation of nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust particles slightly affects emotional behavior and learning capability in rats

“…It is possible that the distribution of particles in the brain is individually different. Wang et al (2008a) observed translocation of nano-sized TiO 2 by iNI into the hippocampus, a component related to learning and memory functions. The TiO 2 content in the hippocampus at 30 days of treatment indicated large differences.…”

“…Recently, the proinflammatory effects of nanoparticles, developed as industrial materials, on the brain have been studied (Oberdörster et al, 2005;Win-Shwe et al, 2006Wang et al, 2008aWang et al, , 2008b. It has been suggested that particles with diameters less than 100 nm are easily translocated into the brain (Mistry et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009) and impair OB and cerebral tissues, where their injurious effects are due mainly to their oxidative activity (Win-Shwe et al, 2006Wang et al, 2008b).…”

Role of Carnosine and Melatonin in Ameliorating Cardiotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Rats

“…Serum levels of immunoglobulin G, TNF-α, CRP and IL-6 were also elevated. Some studies have shown that TiO 2 nanoparticles could increase the reactive oxygen species, which in turn depleted cellular antioxidants (Long et al 2007;Lu et al 2008;Park et al 2008;Wang et al 2008;Mallik et al 2011). Adverse biological effects exerted by NPs is thought to be caused by the oxidative stress (Donaldson et al 2001;Gurr et al 2005;Nel et al 2006) and results in DNA oxidation in the heart, DNA strand breaks, inflammation and even cell necrosis (Sheng et al 2013).…”