Potential improvements in brain dose estimates for internal emitters

Leggett, Richard W.; Tolmachev, Sergei Y.; Boice, John D.

doi:10.1080/09553002.2018.1554923

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The dose to the brain due to radionuclides intakes was not taken into account in the dose-risk analyses but this should not induce a significant bias because only a small proportion of workers are concerned. Although it is generally assumed that radionuclides may deposit only in small proportion in the brain leading to a possibly limited impact on CNS tumors risk, it is currently suspected that improvements in dose estimation for internal emitters are needed to better characterize their impact on the brain 60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis

Lopes

Baudin

Leuraud

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Many studies on ionizing radiation (IR) exposure during childhood have shown deleterious effects on the central nervous system (CNS), however results regarding adult exposure are inconsistent, and no systematic reviews have been performed. The objectives are to synthesize the findings and draw evidence-based conclusions from epidemiological studies on the risk of benign and malignant brain and CNS tumors in humans exposed to low-to-moderate doses (< 0.5 Gy) of IR during adulthood/young adulthood. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases, supplemented by a hand search, was performed to retrieve relevant epidemiological studies published from 2000 to 2022. Pooled excess relative risk (ERRpooled) was estimated using a random effect model. Eighteen publications were included in the systematic review and twelve out of them were included in a meta-analysis. The following IR sources were considered: atomic bombs, occupational, and environmental exposures. No significant dose-risk association was found for brain/CNS tumors (ERRpooled at 100 mGy = − 0.01; 95% CI: − 0.05, 0.04). Our systematic review and meta-analysis did not show any association between exposure to low-to-moderate doses of IR and risk of CNS tumors. Further studies with histological information and precise dose assessment are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis

Lopes

Baudin

Leuraud

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…One of the major concerns of NASA in space missions to Mars is the effect of high-LET radiation on brain tissue and the possibility of cognitive dysfunction and dementia related to long-term missions (Cekanaviciute et al 2018). As uranium and radium emit high-LET alpha particles and intakes of these radionuclides by workers are known to reach the brain (Leggett et al 2019), the uranium processing cohorts provide a close, albeit imperfect, human analog to circumstances in deep space (Boice 2017(Boice , 2019. Results presented in this paper from pooled SMR calculations for AD and dementia provide a tentative signal (SMR ¼ 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.54) that will be further examined using internal dose-response analyses in the pooled cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, exposure to high levels of radium results in an increased incidence of bone sarcomas. Intakes of radionuclides may be capable of reaching the brain and exposing the tissue to low levels of alpha radiation (Leggett et al 2019). There are recent suggestions that ionizing radiation, primarily gamma radiation, leads to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease and dementia (Begum et al 2012;Azizova et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort profile: four early uranium processing facilities in the US and Canada

Golden

Milder

Ellis

et al. 2021

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: Pooling of individual-level data for workers involved in uranium refining and processing (excluding enrichment) may provide valuable insights into risks from occupational uranium and external ionizing radiation exposures. Methods: Data were pooled for workers from four uranium processing facilities (Fernald, Mallinckrodt and Middlesex from the U.S.; and Port Hope, Canada). Employment began as early as the 1930s and follow-up was as late as 2017. Workers were exposed to high concentrations of uranium, radium, and their decay products, as well as gamma radiation and ambient radon decay products. Exposure and outcome data were harmonized using similar definitions and dose reconstruction methods. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated. Results: In total, 560 deaths from lung cancer, 503 non-malignant respiratory diseases, 67 renal diseases, 1,596 ischemic heart diseases, and 101 dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were detected in the pooled cohort of over 12,400 workers ($1,300 females). Mean cumulative doses were 45 millisievert for whole-body external ionizing radiation exposure and 172 milligray for lung dose from radon decay products. Only SMR for dementia and AD among males was statistically significant (SMR=1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.54). Conclusions: This is the largest study to date to examine long-term health risks of uranium processing workers.

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“…The difference in the effective dose estimate was 15.6%. Given the rising interest in the brain dosimetry for radiation epidemiology and space exploration (Boice 2017(Boice , 2019Leggett et al 2019;Boice et al 2019), the cumulative equivalent dose to the brain of 68.0 mSv was estimated for this individual. The best estimate of the committed effective dose was 1.22 Sv with 0.801 Sv (65.5%) contributed by inhalation of Pu-nitrate and 0.422 Sv (34.5 %) by PuO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation of Soluble Plutonium: 53-year Follow-up of Manhattan Project Worker

2021

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This whole-body tissue donor to the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries was occupationally exposed to plutonium nitrate-dioxide mixture via chronic inhalation. This individual was involved in the Manhattan Project operations and later participated in medical follow-up studies. Soft tissues and bones collected at autopsy were analyzed for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am. Fifty-three years post-intake, 700±2 Bq of 239+240Pu were still retained in the skeleton, 661±11 Bq in the liver, and 282±3 Bq in the respiratory tract. Bioassay measurements and organ activities at the time of death were used to estimate the intake and radiation doses using the TAURUS internal dosimetry software. For this individual, an ICRP Publication 130 Human Respiratory Tract Model with case-specific particle size of 0.3 μm, ICRP Publication 100 Human Alimentary Tract Model, and ICRP Publication 141 Plutonium Systemic Model adequately described long-term plutonium retention and excretion. The total cumulative 239+240Pu intake of 31,716 Bq was estimated, of which 24,853 Bq (78.4%) were contributed by inhalation of plutonium nitrate and 6,863 Bq (21.6%) of plutonium dioxide. The committed equivalent doses to the red bone marrow, bone surface, liver, lungs, and brain were 0.71 Sv, 6.5 Sv, 8.3 Sv, 3.8 Sv, and 0.068 Sv, respectively. The committed effective dose was 1.22 Sv.

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Potential improvements in brain dose estimates for internal emitters

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis

Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cohort profile: four early uranium processing facilities in the US and Canada

Inhalation of Soluble Plutonium: 53-year Follow-up of Manhattan Project Worker

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