2020
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02857-4
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Potential health risk assessment of toxic metals contamination in clay eaten as pica (geophagia) among pregnant women of Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana

Abstract: Introduction Geophagia although pleasurable and somewhat a necessity among pregnant women, also comes along with its own attendant problems such as exposure to potentially hazardous substances like bacteria, fungi, helminthes and ova, radioactive materials, and toxic elemental minerals in the soil depending on the geographical location. Methodology This study evaluated the potential health risk involved during the exposure of pregnant women to toxic elemental minerals via the consumption of clay as pica (geop… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…10], pointed out that geophagic constituents could act as a lubricant for fibrous forages, provide extra minerals and stimulate the flow of saliva, which contain high concentration of sodium (Na) and phosphorus (P) and could thus relieve a mineral shortage in the rumen, which is also supported by [11]. Historically, and today in Nigeria, geophagia is almost synonymous with clay consumption and some pregnant women patronise those who sell the commodity, [1,5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…10], pointed out that geophagic constituents could act as a lubricant for fibrous forages, provide extra minerals and stimulate the flow of saliva, which contain high concentration of sodium (Na) and phosphorus (P) and could thus relieve a mineral shortage in the rumen, which is also supported by [11]. Historically, and today in Nigeria, geophagia is almost synonymous with clay consumption and some pregnant women patronise those who sell the commodity, [1,5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Historically, and today in Nigeria, geophagia is almost synonymous with clay consumption and some pregnant women patronise those who sell the commodity, [1,5]. Areas in Africa where such practices are in existence include; South Africa, Nigeria, Cameron, Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana, [9,[11][12][13], among many other areas of the continent.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This approach does not examine potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to humans [ 26 ]. However, few studies have assessed the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with trace elements in geophagic samples [ 5 , 8 , 27 , 28 ] through direct oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption based on the guidelines put forward by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [ 29 ]. Lar et al [ 8 ] is one of the few studies on geophagic clay materials in Nigeria that assessed the potential health risks associated with trace elements present in them.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Geophagy (also known as pica) is the intentional practice of eating earth or soil and is a habit that spans all continents of the world 9 . Universally, geophagia is known to be practiced mostly by young adults and pregnant women 10 and, as a result, most geophagia studies have focused on pregnant women 10‐15 . The prevalence of geophagia consumption in Africa varies considerably within and across countries.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%