Potential for conflicts in recreational and artisanal billfish fisheries on the coast of Kenya

Kadagi, Nelly Isigi; Wambiji, Nina; Swisher, Marilyn E.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103960

Cited by 19 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The activity hotspot off the Kenyan coast during December to March likely represents a feeding aggregation, since multiple species of billfish are successfully targeted by sport‐fishers over this period (Kadagi et al ., 2020 ; Rohner et al ., 2020 ). Opportunistic macroscopic assessments of the gonadal development in landed fish do not suggest any spawning activity around Watamu to date (Supporting information Figure S6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial harvest of I. indica in the north‐west Indian Ocean therefore influences their availability to artisanal and recreational fishers in Kenya. Further decline in their stocks is likely to lead to increased economic hardship among the local fisher groups in Kenya (Kadagi et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), I. indica contributes to livelihoods and food security through artisanal fisheries, while recreational and charter sport‐fisheries for the species, primarily catch‐and‐release, make significant contributions to the tourism industry in Kenya (Kadagi et al ., 2020 ). I. indica are also caught in commercial fisheries, largely as a bycatch in gillnets and on longlines targeting tuna (Collette et al ., 2011 ; Collette & Graves, 2019 ; IOTC, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement ecology of black marlin Istiompax indica in the Western Indian Ocean

Rohner

Bealey²,

Fulanda

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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The black marlin Istiompax indica is an apex marine predator and is susceptible to overfishing. The movement ecology of the species remains poorly known, particularly within the Indian Ocean, which has hampered assessment of their conservation status and fisheries management requirements. Here, we used pop‐up archival satellite tags to track I. indica movement and examine their dispersal. Forty‐nine tags were deployed off Kenya during both the north‐east (November–April) and south‐west (August–September) monsoon seasons, providing locations from every month of the year. Individual I. indica were highly mobile and track distance correlated with the duration of tag attachment. Mean track duration was 38 days and mean track distance was >1800 km. Individuals dispersed in several directions: north‐east into Somalian waters and up to northern Oman, east towards the Seychelles, and south into the Mozambique Channel. Their core habitat shifted seasonally and overlapped with areas of high productivity off Kenya, Somalia and Oman during the first half of the year. A second annual aggregation off the Kenyan coast, during August and September, did not coincide with high chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) concentrations or thermal fronts, and the drivers of the species' presence and movement from this second aggregation was unclear. We tested their habitat preferences by comparing environmental conditions at track locations to the conditions at locations along simulated tracks based on the empirical data. Observed I. indica preferred cooler water with higher chl‐a concentrations and stayed closer to the coast than simulated tracks. The rapid and extensive dispersal of I. indica from Kenya suggests that there is likely a single stock in the Western Indian Ocean, with individuals swimming between areas of high commercial catches off northern Somalia and Oman, and artisanal and recreational fisheries catches throughout East Africa and Mozambique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement ecology of black marlin Istiompax indica in the Western Indian Ocean

Rohner

Bealey²,

Fulanda

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Bearing the burden of policies on conservation, together with the impact of out-competition by other sectors of the BE, has led to increased poverty in fishing communities, as catches and catch opportunities for local fishers have declined, conflicts increased and fish processors and mongers, many of whom are women, are left with less fish to process and sell, respectively [55,70,73]. In the absence of adequate support from the government to build resilience to these changes, some fisherfolk themselves turn to illicit activities, including but not limited to IUU fishing, oil bunkering, informants for pirates/armed robbers and utilizing their boats for transhipment of illicit drugs, arms, and selling sex [14,20,70,95,98].…”

Section: Survival Of the Richest Not The Fittestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of the Richest, not the Fittest: How attempts to improve governance impact African small-scale marine fisheries

et al. 2022

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The sustainable use of fisheries resources is a priority of the African Union in developing the Blue Economy (BE). Growing global demand for seafood has attracted diverse actors to African waters, including Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFNs) fleets. Complex fisheries governance challenges, unsustainable rates of fishing and rising fisheries-related crimes have ensued. To reverse these impacts, some African states are deploying various fisheries governance mechanisms. Drawing on extensive expert experiences, the review of literature, fisheries databases, international and regional agency reports, NGO and government reports and case studies from West and East Africa, we demonstrate two critical findings. First, fisheries governance mechanisms in Africa act largely to constrain small-scale fisheries (SSF) while failing to contain the industrial fisheries sector, resulting in the marginalisation of the SSF. Secondly, despite a higher incidence of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in industrial fisheries than the SSF, fisheries governance mechanisms continue to advance the 'Survival of the Richest' -the industrial sector, to the detriment of the 'Fittest' -the SSF. The SSF supports millions of jobs and is better adapted to meet the continents' nutrition and socio-economic security. For the fisheries sector to contribute to the sustainable development of Africans, states must redirect governance towards regulating the industrial sector, emphasising equitable access for the SSF whilst prioritising ecological sustainability.

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“…Changes in fishing dynamics due to security measures may consequently put excessive pressure on fisheries, impacting stocks. If we add to the regional picture the fact that a significant number of fish species commercially exploited in the Western Indian Ocean are highly migratory in nature, such as tuna and billfish, cooperation between states becomes crucial for sustainable fisheries management (Kadagi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Socio-economic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint management of shared resources as an alternative approach for addressing maritime boundary disputes: the Kenya-Somalia maritime boundary dispute

Kadagi

Okafor‐Yarwood

Glaser

et al. 2020

Journal of the Indian Ocean Region

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Socioeconomic security has motivated African states to explore natural resources in areas of overlapping maritime claims. However, Africa's maritime boundaries are characterized by unresolved disputes. Resolution of these disputes is timeconsuming, expensive and can undermine the state's ability to exploit natural resources. The Somalia and Kenya maritime dispute under litigation with the International Court of Justice demonstrates the continental commitment to peaceful resolution. Citing cases from across Africa, we discuss outright delimitation or Joint Management Zones (JMZs) as means to address disputes over shared resources, particularly transboundary fisheries, which have received little attention. Reframing the Kenya-Somalia maritime dispute resolution process as cooperation over fisheries management will have spill-over effects into greater diplomatic relations. Fish do not abide by maritime boundaries. As such, we posit that the peaceful resolution of maritime boundary disputes lies in Africa's ability to consider settlements by way of JMZs to motivate sustainable use of natural resources.

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Potential for conflicts in recreational and artisanal billfish fisheries on the coast of Kenya

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Movement ecology of black marlin Istiompax indica in the Western Indian Ocean

Movement ecology of black marlin Istiompax indica in the Western Indian Ocean

Survival of the Richest, not the Fittest: How attempts to improve governance impact African small-scale marine fisheries

Joint management of shared resources as an alternative approach for addressing maritime boundary disputes: the Kenya-Somalia maritime boundary dispute

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