Potential for Biocontrol of<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>Through Colonization of Sclerotia by<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>

Knudsen, G. R.

doi:10.1094/pd-75-0466

Cited by 70 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Previous reported experiments were necessarily conducted using autoclaved soil, because it was impossible to differentiate hyphae from different fungi in raw soil and on potato tuber surface (Knudsen et al 1991). In the present study, by using the expression of gfp, we were able to introduce T. harzianum FT8-7MK-05-2 into agricultural soil and monitor the presence of the biocontrol agent even after 60 days of incubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity

Kowsari¹,

Motallebi²,

Zamani³

2014

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstract:Trichoderma is one of the most exploited biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases. In biocontrol ecology, the critical factors are detection, and the monitoring and recovery of specific biocontrol agents either naturally present or deliberately released into the environment. Protoplast fusion is an appropriate tool for the improvement of biocontrol Trichoderma strains. Protoplast isolation from Trichoderma harzianum was achieved using 24 h culture age, 6.6 mg/ml Novazym L 1412 at 30°C which resulted the maximum protoplast yield of 5 × 10 8 /ml. The self-fused protoplasts were regenerated and 12 fusants were selected based on their growth rate on 2% colloidal chitin medium. Next, a comparison was done for chitinase and antagonistic activity. Transcriptomic analysis based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR, demonstrated that T8-05 fusant expressed 1.5 fold of chit42 transcript as compared with the parental line. This fusant with 7.02±0.15U chitinase activity showed a higher growth inhibition rate (100%) than the parent strain, against Rhizoctonia solani. To obtain a genetically marked fusant that can be used as a biomonitor, the fusant was cotransformed with the gfp and amdS genes. The morphology and viability of selected cotransformant (FT8-7MK-05-2) was similar to the parent.Green fluorescing conidia were observed within the first 2 days of incubation in the soil, and this was followed by the formation of chlamydopores after 60 days. The colonisation of the gfp-tagged fusant was also monitored visually on R. solani sclerotia by scanning electron microscopy. Production of gfp-tagged fusant of Trichoderma spp. provides a potentially useful tool for monitoring hyphal growth patterns and the population of biocontrol agent isolates introduced into environmental systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity

Kowsari¹,

Motallebi²,

Zamani³

2014

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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“…Trichoderma asperellum Geraldine et al 2013;Aleandri et al 2015 Trichoderma hamatum Aleandri et al 2015;Jones et al 2015 Trichoderma harzianum Bin et al 1991;Budge and Whipps 1991;Knudsen et al 1991;Menendez and Godeas 1998;Elad 2000;Chitrampalam et al 2008;Zeng et al 2012b;Steindorff et al 2014;Aleandri et al 2015 Trichoderma atroviride Li et al 2005;Matroudi et al 2009 Trichoderma koningii Castro 1995…”

Section: Species Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum –– a review

2018

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Diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary are difficult to control and cause increasing losses of horticultural crops worldwide. Reasons of this phenomenon are various: (i) the specialization of crop production that causes the accumulation of the pathogen in the soil; (ii) the lack of a safe and efficient method of soil fumigation; (iii) the specific life cycle of S. sclerotiorum with survival structures (sclerotia), resistant to chemical and biological degradation. Sclerotinia diseases depend on many environmental factors which determine sclerotia survival and ascospores dissemination, because plants are mainly infected by air-borne ascospores from carpogenic germination of sclerotia. Due to the lack of effective synthetic agents for eradication of S. sclerortiorum from soil considerable interest has been focused on biological control, especially the selection of microorganisms with mycoparasitic activity towards S. sclerotiorum sclerotia, that can decrease their number in the soil. In this work we review reports on the use of different antagonistic fungi and bacteria in the control of S. sclerotiorum and discuss the suppressive effect of organic amendments against this soil-borne pathogen.

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“…The genus Trichoderma contains several species, especially T. harzianum, that have been extensively evaluated as biocontrol agents against soilborne fungal pathogens [3] [4], including the sclerotium-forming fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, where as a mycoparasite T. harzianum can colonize and kill the resting stage of this pathogen [5]. However, we have also demonstrated that the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides saprophilus is able to feed on hyphae of T. harzianum in soil [6] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR to Unravel Ecological Complexity in a Biological Control System

Knudsen¹,

Kim²,

Bae³

et al. 2015

ABB

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Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens using beneficial fungi, such as the mycoparasite Trichoderma harzianum, offers the prospect of environmentally benign pest control. However, biocontrol organisms have their own natural enemies; for example the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides saprophilus preys on T. harzianum. A trophic cascade occurs when three or more trophic levels are present in a food chain, and consumption of the intermediate species affects biomass or productivity of a lower trophic level; such an interaction in this system might reduce the biocontrol efficacy of T. harzianum. However, the presence of refuges, where intermediatelevel species are protected from predation, may reduce the ecological impact of a trophic cascade. Interactions among microscopic organisms in a complex medium such as soil are difficult to observe and quantify. We evaluated the potential of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) as a tool to investigate the trophic cascade interaction among T. harzianum, A. saprophilus, and the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Results indicate that the mycoparasite colonized and persisted inside structures (sclerotia) of the target plant pathogen, where it was relatively protected from predation compared to the surrounding soil environment. In this way, colonization of sclerotia may provide a refuge that reduces trophic cascade effects in this system. qRT-PCR provided a sensitive method to investigate fungal dynamics over time in this multitrophic system.

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Potential for Biocontrol ofSclerotinia sclerotiorumThrough Colonization of Sclerotia byTrichoderma harzianum

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity

Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity

Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum –– a review

Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR to Unravel Ecological Complexity in a Biological Control System

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