Potential extinction debt due to habitat loss and fragmentation in subalpine moorland ecosystems

Makishima, Daichi; Sutou, Rui; Goto, Akihito; Kawai, Yutaka; Ishii, Naohiro I.; Taniguchi, Hayami; Uchida, Keiji; Shimazaki, Masaya; Nakashizuka, Tohru; Suyama, Yoshihisa; Hikosaka, Kouki; Sasaki, Takehiro

doi:10.1007/s11258-021-01118-4

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The study area is a conservation reserve (Towada‐Hachimantai National Park), and therefore human impacts on natural vegetation have been minimal. Nonetheless, within the study area, habitat loss and fragmentation of the moorlands are progressing rapidly, and the areas of the 19 studied moorlands have decreased by an average of 50.01% over the past approximately 50 years (Makishima et al, 2021). Even if direct human impacts are minimal, earlier snowmelt in spring associated with recent climate change may facilitate the expansion of shrubby species, leading to habitat loss and fragmentation of mountainous moorlands in Japan (Kudo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected 19 moorland sites based on their physical accessibility and gradients of physical characteristics of moorlands, including their area size and spatial configuration, as well as environmental factors including elevation, temperature, pH, and electric conductivity (EC; Makishima et al, 2021). In this study, taxonomic nomenclature follows the YList (BG Plants index: http://ylist.info/index.html).…”

Section: Study Area and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study area is a conservation reserve (Towada-Hachimantai National Park), and therefore human impacts on natural vegetation have been minimal. Nonetheless, within the study area, habitat loss and fragmentation of the moorlands are progressing rapidly, and the areas of the 19 studied moorlands have decreased by an average of 50.01% over the past approximately 50 years (Makishima et al, 2021).…”

Section: Study Area and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we defined the realistic geometry of habitat area loss as the plausible spatial pattern of future habitat loss. In subalpine moorland ecosystems in Japan, Makishima et al (2021Makishima et al ( ) used past (in 1967 and present (in 2019) aerial photographs to identify spatial features of moorlands and their long-term changes. By overlaying present photographs on past ones, the authors revealed a spatial bias in the way the areas decreased within the focal moorland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting diversity changes in subalpine moorland ecosystems based on geometry of species distributions and realistic area loss

Makishima

Ishii

Sutoh

et al. 2022

J Vegetation Science

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Question How does plant species richness respond to simulated area loss based on the realistic geometry of area loss in subalpine moorland ecosystems? Location Hakkoda mountain range, Aomori, Japan. Methods We constructed species distribution models based on relationships between species distributions and environmental conditions in subalpine moorland ecosystems. We then simulated moorland area loss based on the realistic geometry of area loss from the past (1967) to the present (2019) to predict future changes in plant diversity. Here, we defined the realistic geometry of area loss as the plausible spatial pattern of future habitat loss. Finally, we analyzed how the rate of species loss in response to the realistic area loss can be explained by a range of factors including spatial patterns in species distributions, total number of species present, and environmental variables for the focal moorland. Results Within each moorland site, areas prone or those less prone to be lost were distributed non‐randomly at a local scale. In general, the patterns of species loss caused by the realistic area loss differed from those caused by random area loss. At most sites, realistic area loss caused a relatively small decline in species richness up to a certain threshold of area loss, and accelerating decline thereafter. None of the factors can explain the rate of decrease in species richness caused by the realistic area loss. At the species level, however, species with lower occurrence rates at a given site can be lost earlier than those with higher occurrence rates by the realistic area loss. Conclusions Patterns of habitat loss and species distributions are not spatially random, and the classical approach based on the species–area relationship assuming random area loss can thus either under‐ or overestimate the risk of species loss.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting diversity changes in subalpine moorland ecosystems based on geometry of species distributions and realistic area loss

Makishima

Ishii

Sutoh

et al. 2022

J Vegetation Science

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“…For example, metrics such as heat shock protein response can be used to assess the vulnerability of rare versus common plant taxa to predicted climate change stress (Al-Whaibi, 2011;Aspinwall et al, 2019). In order to determine if smaller ranges are indeed more at-risk from modern habitat alterations, extinction debt (Kuussaari et al, 2009) should be assessed in taxa varying in range size (Jamin et al, 2020;Makishima et al, 2021). Questions concerning the relationship between range size and particular plant groups, or life histories, should be investigated.…”

Section: Conclusion Future Directions and Conservation Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rules of Plant Species Ranges: Applications for Conservation Strategies

et al. 2021

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Earth is changing rapidly and so are many plant species’ ranges. Here, we synthesize eco-evolutionary patterns found in plant range studies and how knowledge of species ranges can inform our understanding of species conservation in the face of global change. We discuss whether general biogeographic “rules” are reliable and how they can be used to develop adaptive conservation strategies of native plant species across their ranges. Rules considered include (1) factors that set species range limits and promote range shifts; (2) the impact of biotic interactions on species range limits; (3) patterns of abundance and adaptive properties across species ranges; (4) patterns of gene flow and their implications for genetic rescue, and (5) the relationship between range size and conservation risk. We conclude by summarizing and evaluating potential species range rules to inform future conservation and management decisions. We also outline areas of research to better understand the adaptive capacity of plants under environmental change and the properties that govern species ranges. We advise conservationists to extend their work to specifically consider peripheral and novel populations, with a particular emphasis on small ranges. Finally, we call for a global effort to identify, synthesize, and analyze prevailing patterns or rules in ecology to help speed conservation efforts.

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The Paramo Ecosystems

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2023

Ecosystem and Species Adaptations in the Andean-Amazonian Region

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Potential extinction debt due to habitat loss and fragmentation in subalpine moorland ecosystems

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Predicting diversity changes in subalpine moorland ecosystems based on geometry of species distributions and realistic area loss

Predicting diversity changes in subalpine moorland ecosystems based on geometry of species distributions and realistic area loss

Rules of Plant Species Ranges: Applications for Conservation Strategies

The Paramo Ecosystems

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