Potential evaporation functions compared on US watersheds: Possible implications for global-scale water balance and terrestrial ecosystem modeling

Vörösmarty, Charles J; Federer, C. A.; Schloss, Annette L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(98)00109-7

Cited by 401 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(1999) (see also Vorosmarty et al, 1989 andVorosmarty et al, 1998). These data were generated by combining a simple water balance model with observed river discharge data.…”

Section: Hydrological Data 221 Runoff Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Whelan¹,

Hodges²,

Williams³

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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Predictions of surface water exposure to "down-the-drain" chemicals are presented which employ grid-based spatially-referenced data on average monthly runoff, population density, country-specific per capita domestic water and substance use rates and sewage treatment provision. Water and chemical load are routed through the landscape using flow directions derived from digital elevation data, accounting for in-stream chemical losses using simple first order kinetics. Although the spatial and temporal resolution of the model are relatively coarse, the model still has advantages over spatially inexplicit "unit-world" approaches, which apply arbitrary dilution factors, in terms of predicting the location of exposure hotspots and the statistical distribution of concentrations. The latter can be employed in probabilistic risk assessments. Here the model was applied to predict surface water exposure to "downthe-drain" chemicals in China for different levels of sewage treatment provision.Predicted spatial patterns of concentration were consistent with observed water quality classes for China.Key Words: Global, Exposure, Chemical, Model, China Capsule AbstractA global-scale model was used to predict spatial patterns of "down-the-drain" chemical concentrations in China. Predictions were consistent with observed water quality classes, demonstrating the potential value of the model.3

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“…(1999) (see also Vorosmarty et al, 1989 andVorosmarty et al, 1998). These data were generated by combining a simple water balance model with observed river discharge data.…”

Section: Hydrological Data 221 Runoff Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Whelan¹,

Hodges²,

Williams³

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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“…The water balance calculations were carried out at 6' (longitude × latitude) spatial resolution using version 6.01 of the Simulated Topological Network (STN30p), a modestly updated version of the dataset presented in Vörösmarty et al (6). The water balance/transport model applied in the present study (WBMplus) is an updated version of the global water balance model that was developed by Vörösmarty et al (7,8) and subsequently modified by Wisser et al (9,10). Input data on precipitation and temperature use are fed into the model, as well as a hydrologic network based on a digital elevation model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban growth, climate change, and freshwater availability

McDonald

Green²,

Balk³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

625

327

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Nearly 3 billion additional urban dwellers are forecasted by 2050, an unprecedented wave of urban growth. While cities struggle to provide water to these new residents, they will also face equally unprecedented hydrologic changes due to global climate change. Here we use a detailed hydrologic model, demographic projections, and climate change scenarios to estimate per-capita water availability for major cities in the developing world, where urban growth is the fastest. We estimate the amount of water physically available near cities and do not account for problems with adequate water delivery or quality. Modeled results show that currently 150 million people live in cities with perennial water shortage, defined as having less than 100 L per person per day of sustainable surface and groundwater flow within their urban extent. By 2050, demographic growth will increase this figure to almost 1 billion people. Climate change will cause water shortage for an additional 100 million urbanites. Freshwater ecosystems in river basins with large populations of urbanites with insufficient water will likely experience flows insufficient to maintain ecological process. Freshwater fish populations will likely be impacted, an issue of special importance in regions such as India's Western Ghats, where there is both rapid urbanization and high levels of fish endemism. Cities in certain regions will struggle to find enough water for the needs of their residents and will need significant investment if they are to secure adequate water supplies and safeguard functioning freshwater ecosystems for future generations.

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“…In the dry season, actual evapotranspiration is limited by the amount of available soil water rather than by PET (Vörösmarty et al 1998). The BTOPMC simulates actual evapotranspiration as nearly reaching the same level as PET in the wet season, but decreasing in the dry season ( Fig.…”

Section: Seasonal Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of hydrological analysis for water resource development in semi-arid mountainous regions: case study in Iran

Hishinuma

Takeuchi

Magome

2014

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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This study modified the BTOPMC (Block-wise TOPMODEL with the Muskingum-Cunge routing method) distributed hydrological model to make it applicable to semi-arid regions by introducing an adjustment coefficient for infiltration capacity of the soil surface, and then applied it to two catchments above the dams in the Karun River basin, located in semi-arid mountain ranges in Iran. The application results indicated that the introduced modification improved the model performance for simulating flood peaks generated by infiltration excess overland runoff at a daily time scale. The modified BTOPMC was found to fulfil the need to reproduce important signatures of basin hydrology for water resource development, such as annual runoff, seasonal runoff, low flows and flood flows. However, it was also very clear that effective model use was significantly constrained by the scarcity of ground-gauged precipitation data. Considerable efforts to improve the precipitation data acquisition should precede water resource development planning.Key words BTOPMC; water resource development; infiltration excess overland runoff; snowpack and snowmelt; data scarcity; semi-arid; Karun River basin; Iran Défis de l'analyse hydrologique pour le développement des ressources en eau dans les régions montagneuses semi-arides : étude de cas en Iran Résumé Dans cette étude, nous avons modifié le modèle hydrologique distribué BTOPMC (Block-wise TOPMODEL with the Muskingum-Cunge routing method -TOPMODEL par bloc avec méthode de routage Muskingum-Cunge) pour le rendre applicable à des régions semi-arides, en introduisant un coefficient d'ajustement de la capacité d'infiltration de la surface du sol. Nous l'avons ensuite appliqué à deux bassins versants situés en amont de barrages sur le bassin de la rivière Karun, dans des zones montagneuses semiarides d'Iran. Les résultats de cette application ont indiqué que la modification introduite a amélioré la performance du modèle pour simuler les pointes de crue générées par ruissellement de surface par dépassement de la capacité d'infiltration, au pas de temps journalier. Nous avons trouvé que le modèle BTOPMC modifié répond au besoin de reproduction des signatures importantes de l'hydrologie du bassin pour le développement des ressources en eau, telles que les écoulements annuels ou saisonniers, les débits d'étiage ou de crue. Cependant, il est apparu également très clairement que l'utilisation concrète du modèle a été considérablement contrainte par la rareté des données de précipitations issues de postes au sol. Des efforts considérables devraient être faits pour améliorer l'acquisition de données de précipitations préalablement à la planification du développement de la ressource en eau.Mots clefs BTOPMC ; développement des ressources en eau ; ruissellement de surface par dépassement de la capacité d'infiltration ; manteau neigeux et fonte nivale ; rareté des données ; semi-aride ; bassin de la rivière Karun ; Iran

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Potential evaporation functions compared on US watersheds: Possible implications for global-scale water balance and terrestrial ecosystem modeling

Cited by 401 publications

References 14 publications

Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Urban growth, climate change, and freshwater availability

Challenges of hydrological analysis for water resource development in semi-arid mountainous regions: case study in Iran

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