Potential Effects of Wild Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Seed Extract Intervention on Oxidative Stress Induced by Busulfan Drug in Different Organs of Rats

Abstract

Chemotherapeutic agent, busulfan, induce oxidative stress as a mechanism to kill cancer cells, however, it may also cause oxidative stress in non-target tissues and thereby lead to normal tissue injury. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) has been used for centuries as a herbal drug. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of wild Silybum marianum seed ethanol extract (SMSEE) intervention on oxidative stress induced by busulfan drug in different organs of Rats. For the study 42 rats were prepared and fed with special ration, then they were divided to 7 groups with 6 rats in each group: group 1, Normal control: healthy rats without intervention; group 2.control SMSEE, 400 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 3, positive control group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan, group 4, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan + 200 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 5, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan+ 400 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 6, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan + 600 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 7, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan + 800 mg/kg/day SMSEE. The amount of oxidative stress parameters (ROS and MDA), glutathione fractions (GSH and GSSG), and antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, GSH-Rd, SOD and CAT) in the different tissue extracts (liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, pancreas and testes) were measured. The results of this study showed that after busulfan treatment the levels of ROS and MDA were significantly (p≤0.05) increased and GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px, GSH-Rd, SOD and CAT were decreased in all studied organs. Treatment of busulfan administration rats with SMSEE leads to the opposite direction by different rates. In conclusion, the use of busulfan in rats administration induce oxidative stress in different organs and SMSEE had an preventive role through decreasing the ROS and the lipid peroxidation, and improvement the oxidative defense system. These results provide a basis for the use of Silybum marianum extracts as promising tools in the future for many important nutritional and therapeutic applications.

Potential Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea Linn) Flower Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity Rats

“…Moreover, GSH has super antioxidant properties such as being a nonenzymatic oxyradical scavenger and playing a part in the activation of various antioxidant enzymatic systems, including GSH-Px and GSH-Rd ) Almaadawy et al,2016). The transfer of GSH fractions from the liver to the blood may be impeded by CCl4, in accordance with a number of earlier authors, including the current study (Elhassaneen et al,2012 andAbd Elalal et al,2022). These conditions are attributed to lipid peroxidation, hepatocyte dysfunction, and/or decreased energy due to a decrease in liver glycogen content.…”

“…In accordance with Mehmood et al, findings from (2019), an extract derived from the blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.), that contains biologically active antioxidant aspects, impeded lipid peroxidation in hepatotoxic rats through elevated MDA and NO. According to Mehmood et al, (2019) and Abd Elalal et al, (2022), there was a relationship between relatively low concentrations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as GSH, and high levels of lipid peroxidation, particularly MDA and NO2, in the plasma of hepatotoxic rats.…”

Attenuation of Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Albino Rats by Wild Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) Seeds Extract

“…Moreover, Aghazadeh et al [46] demonstrated that S. marianum (SM) extract significantly decreased hepatic MDA levels in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by 40%. Also, Abd Elalal et al [66] discovered that the administration of ethanolic extract of S. marianum seed in busulfan-treated rats resulted in a substantial (p≤0.05) drop in MDA levels in all organ tissues, with the most notable decrease observed in the liver, testis, and spleen.…”

Dietary Intervention using Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) Reduces Oxidative Stress and Enhances Erythrocyte/Serum Defense Systems in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Human studies have shown correlations between diabetes and OS markers, such as lipid oxidative modification (Van Gaal et al, 1998). Lipid peroxidation, for instance, plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis (Steinberg et al, 1989;Esterbauern et al,1992 andAbd Elalal et al, 2022), a process that is known to be intensified in individuals with diabetes.…”