Potential Biological Effects of (‐)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue throughout the world. However, no validated treatments for NAFLD are currently available. In‐depth studies have demonstrated the efficacy of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a main bioactive chemical extracted from green tea, in treating NAFLD. EGCG exhibits multi‐pronged preventive and therapeutic activities, including promoting lipid and glucose metabolism, anti‐lipid peroxidation and anti‐inflammation activities, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐NAFLD related tumor, thus contributing to the mitigation of NAFLD occurrence and progression. The objectives of this paper are to review and discuss the currently known targets, signaling pathways and roles of EGCG that interfere with NAFLD pathogenesis, then providing additional experimental evidence and the foundation for the further studies and clinical applications of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

A Simple, Label-Free, and High-Throughput Method to Evaluate the Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Impact in Plasma Molecular Profile

“…This points to a high impact of EGCG consumption on plasma whole molecular composition, and consequently on the general cellular metabolism. These observations were in accordance with the effect of EGCG consumption on the blood clinical analysis, as pointed out above, and on cell metabolism as on glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, serine biosynthesis, mitochondria energetic metabolism and lipid metabolism, and lipid peroxidation [36][37][38][39]. The high impact of the region between 3200 and 4000 cm −1 includes the amide A amide from proteins, according to Liu et al [40], who included this region in PLS regression models to predict (LDL from serum spectra.…”

Coadministration of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in low dose ameliorates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats

“…But it is acknowledged that epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin and an effective polyphenolic compound found in green tea (Peluso & Serafini, ) because of its effect on energy metabolism, increasing lipid oxidation, and improving insulin resistance, etc. (Chen, Liu, Liu, Hu, & Feng, ). Caffeine is another functional component, which is a major of alkaloid in tea.…”

Effects and molecular mechanisms of Ninghong black tea extract in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats

“…Through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, theaflavins can also relieve the hepatic ischemia caused by FLD (Luo et al, 2012). In addition, EGCG promotes lipid metabolism (Chen et al, 2018), relieves liver steatosis (Cai et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2015;Yu-Kuo et al, 2011), inhibits lipid deposition (Kochi et al, 2014;Santamarina et al, 2015), increases lipid oxidation decomposition products (Santamarina et al, 2015), reduces liver inflammation and oxidative stress (Chen et al, 2018;Santamarina et al, 2015;Yu-Kuo et al, 2011), and restores the antioxidant capacity of the liver (Chen et al, 2018;Fiorini et al, 2005;Yu-Kuo et al, 2011). It has been suggested that the main active components of Ninghong black tea, caffeine and theabrownins, relieve NAFLD, and the specific mechanisms of these components deserve further study.…”

“…In recent years, various studies have found that tea has a significant of anti‐obesity (Yuan, Zhong, Yi, Zhao, & Cao, ) and hypolipidemic (Chen, ; Yan, ; Zeng, Yan, Luo, & Zhang, ) effect and the main mechanisms of action for these effects include the inhibition of lipid synthesis (Chen, ), the promotion of lipid degradation (Gao, Peng, Gong, Chen, & Zhou, ; Wang et al., ; Yan, ), and white adipose tissue browning (Neyrinck et al., ). In addition, it has been reported that tea can also promote antilipid oxidation (Chen, Liu, Liu, Hu, & Feng, ) as well as anti‐inflammatory response (Cai et al., ; Neyrinck et al., ) and improve insulin tolerance (Cai et al., ). The chemical antioxidant capacity of black teas showed chemical antioxidant activity both in cells and Wistar rat's brain oxidation (Zhang et al., ).…”

“…To relieve FLD and fatty hepatitis, green tea extract inhibits lipid deposition (Bruno, Dugan, Smyth, Dinatale, & Koo, ), synthesis (Li et al., ), and peroxidation (Chung, Park, Manautou, Koo, & Bruno, ; Park et al., ), restores liver antioxidant capacity (Park et al., ), and relieves inflammation (Chung et al., ; Park et al., , ). EGCG can promote lipid metabolism (Chen et al., ), relieve liver steatosis (Cai et al., ; Kochi et al., ; Lu et al., ; Yu‐Kuo et al., ), inhibit lipid deposition (Santamarina et al., ; Yu‐Kuo et al., ), promote lipid oxidative decomposition (Santamarina et al., ), reduce liver inflammation and oxidative stress (Chen et al., ; Kochi et al., ; Santamarina et al., ; Yu‐Kuo et al., ), and decrease lipid degeneration (Chen et al., ; Fiorini et al., ; Kochi et al., ). Theaflavins can relieve fatty liver–induced liver ischemia through antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects (Luo et al., ).…”