Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants

Abstract

Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to the regeneration rate of the bone fracture. In this review, a bioactive coating is proposed to slow down the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and accelerate the bone fracture healing process. The main aim of the bioactive coatings is to enhance the direct attachment of living tissues and thereby facilitate osteoconduction. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are six bioactive agents that show high potential for developing a bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. In addition to coating, the substrate itself can be made bioactive by alloying magnesium with calcium, zinc, copper, and manganese that were found to promote bone regeneration.

A Simple Replica Method as the Way to Obtain a Morphologically and Mechanically Bone-like Iron-Based Biodegradable Material

“…Multiple studies have found that macroporous pores in the range of 150 to 360 µm are ideal [40]. This is motivated by the effect of the specific surface area, which is offset in larger pores by the increased potential for cell migration [7,[40][41][42]. The oval-shaped pores with a diameter of 200 to 400 µm affect not only the function of osteoblasts but also chondrogenic differentiation [43].…”

“…Biodegradable or bioresorbable implants are the new trend in implantology. Iron-, zinc-, and magnesium-based materials have received a lot of attention [6][7][8]. A significant aspect in implantology is the concept of biocompatibility, understood as the absence of toxic or unfavorable immunological reactions when implants are in contact with cells or bodily fluids [9].…”

Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys: A critical review towards clinical translation

“…However, in the last few decades, researchers have put continuous efforts into synchronizing the degradation rate of Mg-based biodegradable implants. Unfortunately, investigated studies show compromised bio-functionalities during clinical testing, which need to be addressed for full-scale orthopedic implant applications [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ].…”

Ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate for the bone augmentation purposes: materials science approach

“…A wide range of tasks related to the field of biomedical materials science includes the unresolved problem of effective implant osseointegration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Currently known materials which can potentially be used as bone allografts have a number of disadvantages, such as reduced biocompatibility, allergic and toxic reactions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. This suggests that the creation of new non-toxic materials that combines high osteointegration and strength characteristics is an urgent task.…”