Potential Association of Sanitation Factors on Stunting Incidences Among Children Under Age 5 in Bali Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Some sub-districts in Bali province have stunting prevalence more that national average which might be associated with the environmental health condition in those areas. This study aimed to examine the association between environmental health factors with stunting prevalence among children age 2-5 years. Case-control study was conducted at Karangasem district with 101 case and 101 control. Cases were obtained from the list of stunted children from the result of PSG 2017 in 4 sub-districts. The controls were children at the same age and sex which were randomly selected from the available list of children in the health center. Bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) were used for analysis. The study shows that cases and controls were comparable for age, sex, health access, nutrition sensitive intervention, infection history, water access, solid waste management. Cases and controls differed for variables: education level of parents, toilet access and ownerships, disposal of child's feces, hand washing practice dan facilities, and distance to livestock shelter. Logistic regression showed that only father's education (AOR=2.429; 95%CI: 1.304-4.525) associated with stunting among children age 2-5 years. The optimum prediction model was obtained with variables of father's education, disposal of child's feces and distance to animal shelter. In conclusion, only father's education was found associated with stunting and only weak associations were found between environmental health factors and stunting.

The Relationship Between Environmental Sanitation Facilities and the Risk of Stunting at the Pahandut Palangkaraya Community Health Center

“…Improper handling of the baduta poop is a risk factor for stunting (OR=3.03), and respondents who handle the baduta poop in a bad manner can cause children to be at risk 3.0 times greater for stunting. This research is in line with the findings of Dwipayanti et al, (2020) in the Province of Bali, which found that individuals who do not dispose of infant faeces in latrines are a risk factor for stunting in children (OR=2.90).…”

The effect of sanitation risk on toddler stunting incident with geographically weighted regression approach in Malang Regency, Indonesia

“…A survey from 13 provinces of Indonesia found that households with good sanitation contributed positively to reducing the incidence of stunting intoddlers from 2007 to 2014. Most of the findings in rural areas of Indonesia related to sanitation using toilet facilities ranging from ownership, types, the use of septic tanks, hygiene, open defecation behavior and improper disposal of toddler feces were associated with an increase in stunting in toddlers in Indonesia [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] .…”

Hubungan Faktor Air dan Sanitasi dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia

“…Sebagian besar hasil temuan di wilayah Pedesaan Indonesia terkait sanitasi penggunaan fasilitas jamban mulai dari kepemilikan jamban, jenis jamban, jamban tidak menggunakan septik tangki , kebersihan jamban, perilaku Open defecation dan pembuangan tinja balita tidak pada jamban berhubungan dengan peningkatan stunting pada balita di Indonesia (Ahmadi et al, 2020;Badriyah & Syafiq, 2017;Choirunnisa et al, 2020;Dwipayanti et al, 2020;Fikru & Doorslaer, 2019;Hasanah & Susanti., 2018;;Hafid., et al, 2017;Hasan & Kadarusman., 2018;Herawati et al, 2020;Nasrul, 2018;Otsuka et al, 2019;Rahayu et al, 2017;Lobo et al, 2020;Siswati, 2018;Torlesse. et al, 2016;Wiyono et al, 2019;cahyono et al, 2016;Rahayu dan Darmawan, 2019;Zairinayati & Purnama, 2019) .…”