Potential and current practices of recycling waste printed circuit boards: A review of the recent progress in pyrometallurgy

Faraji, Fariborz; Golmohammadzadeh, Rabeeh; Pickles, C.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115242

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…12 The composition and concentration of these two types of materials vary greatly, which undoubtedly increases the complexity of the recycling process. [12][13][14][15][16] In terms of material composition, a PCB comprises an insulating non-metallic polymer substrate (resin), metal foil, laminated layers, and electronic components, 17 which are complex in composition and nature. 18 The common recycling process of WPCBs is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reuse of electronic components from waste printed circuit boards: a critical review

Zhao

Fei

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reuse of electronic components from waste printed circuit boards: a critical review

Zhao

Fei

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…PM pertains to a series of high-temperature treatments to remove the non-metallic components from the WPCB matrix. The treatment is achieved by incineration, pyrolysis, smelting, or a combination thereof . During incineration, the metal scraps are combusted between 800 and 950 °C to ensure thorough combustion and degradation of any potential dioxane and toxic fumes.…”

Section: Existing Metallurgical Leaching Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precious metals, typically available in small amounts, are then refined with hydrometallurgy described below. Industrial PM companies usually handle WPCB on the order of 350,000 tons of e-waste annually. − …”

Section: Existing Metallurgical Leaching Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment is achieved by incineration, pyrolysis, smelting, or a combination thereof. 10 During incineration, the metal scraps are combusted between 800 and 950 °C to ensure thorough combustion and degradation of any potential dioxane and toxic fumes. The organic portion of e-waste is mainly treated as a carbon source to facilitate heat generation.…”

Section: Pyrometallurgy (Pm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Teaching Electrometallurgical Recycling of Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards via Slurry Electrolysis Using Benign Chemicals

et al. 2022

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The rapid growth of personal electronics has promoted a surge of e-waste worldwide. Among the e-waste stream, waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) contain a lot of recyclable valuable metals that can incentivize the recycling operation when recovered. This pedagogical exercise demonstrates a simple electrocatalytic metal recovery strategy that works at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Students can complete the exercise within 1.5–2 h and get to learn about electrocatalytic reactions and their parameters. The reaction can be powered by a couple of 1.5 V AA batteries and an electrolyte chemically similar to automobile antifreeze. Using quotidian objects can help students connect their laboratory learning with their daily lives. In addition to teaching electrochemistry concepts, we hope this exercise can raise awareness of the substantial increase of e-waste in recent years.

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“…Pyrometallurgical processes offer advantages such as the enhancement of purity of the final metal products, high production rates, and the possibility to control and increase the temperature to activate reactions that are not thermodynamically possible at low temperatures [58,59]. It was shown that the utilization of pyrometallurgical processes for recycling precious metals from mobile phone-printed circuit boards can lead to high recovery rates greater than 99% which can also be increased by a combination of traditional incineration processes and wet processes [60][61][62]. Although the pyrometallurgical approach has many advantages, it is not an economic method and consumes high levels of energy and materials, forms toxic or harmful fumes and gases, and unfortunately, the metal recovery of individual species through the pyrometallurgical method is challenging.…”

Section: Pyrometallurgical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Materials Obtained from E-Waste Recycling: Review, Techniques, Critique, and Update

Bahadoran

Lile

Masudy‐Panah

et al. 2022

JMMP

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Waste-derived materials obtained from the recovery and recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) such as batteries and printed circuit boards have attracted enormous attention from academia and industry in recent years, especially due to their eco-friendly nature and the massive increment in e-waste due to technological development. Several investigations in the literature have covered the advances achieved so far. Meanwhile, photocatalytic applications are especially of interest since they maintain mutual benefits and can be used for H2 production from solar water splitting based on semiconductor processing as a proper environmentally friendly technique for solar energy conversion. In addition, they can be utilized to degrade a variety of organic and non-organic contaminations. Nonetheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive review that has specifically been focused on e-waste-derived photocatalytic materials. In this regard, the present work is dedicated to thoroughly discussing the related mechanisms, strategies, and methods, as well as the various possible photocatalysts synthesized from e-wastes with some critiques in this field. This brief overview can introduce modern technologies and promising possibilities for e-waste valorization, photocatalytic processes, and new photocatalytic degradation methods of eco-friendly nature. This paper discusses various e-waste-obtained photocatalytic materials, synthesis procedures, and applications, as well as several types of e-waste, derived materials such as TiO2, ZnO, indium tin oxide, and a variety of sulfide- and ferrite-based photocatalytic materials.

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Potential and current practices of recycling waste printed circuit boards: A review of the recent progress in pyrometallurgy

Cited by 56 publications

References 138 publications

The reuse of electronic components from waste printed circuit boards: a critical review

The reuse of electronic components from waste printed circuit boards: a critical review

Teaching Electrometallurgical Recycling of Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards via Slurry Electrolysis Using Benign Chemicals

Photocatalytic Materials Obtained from E-Waste Recycling: Review, Techniques, Critique, and Update

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