Potensi serangga pengunjung bunga sebagai vektor penyakit darah bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV) pada pisang di Sumatera Barat

Abstract

Blood diseases caused by Ralstonia solancearum Phylotype IV is a major cause of production loss of banana in Indonesia, particularly for areas in West Sumatera. Currently there is a lack of information on blood diseases. The objective of this study was to obtain data of insect diversity and its potential as a dissemination agent of R. solanacearum Phylotype IV in West Sumatera. This research was conducted with a purposive sampling method in the Tabek Panjang highlands, District of Baso, Agam Regency and Pasar Usang lowland, district of Batang Anai, Pariaman Regency, West Sumatera. The results showed that banana plants infected by R. solanacearum Phylotype IV have a high diversity of flower-visiting insects. The diversity of insects in the lowlands is higher than that in highland and mainly are dominated by Trigona spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Drosophila sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae). To test the potential of both insect as vector of the blood diseases, isolated and identification of the bacteria using triphenyl tetrazolium medium chlorid (TTC) was used. Result showed that bacteria isolated from both insect are R. solanacearum hence providing evidence of the insect as vector of the blood diseases. Both insects have the potential to be vector of R. solanacearum Phylotype IV in West Sumatera. The identification of the bacteria that causes the disease. The identification of bacteria that is spread by flower visitors insects are R.solanacearum Phylotipe IV.

Test of Blood Disease Bacterium (Bdb) Transmission by Potential Insect Vectors

“…In addition, new colonies form on the third day after they are grown at room temperature. This is consistent with the BDB character reported by Mairawita et al (2012). These pure bacterial colonies were transferred to sucrose peptone agar (SPA) media and incubated for 1-2 d at 28 ºC ( Figure 2B) and then applied to ripe bananas that would be used as feed for Drosophilidae as vector insects in transmission tests ( Figure 2C).…”

“…Insects reported so far are still potential vectors and there were no specific reports regarding vector insects from BDB. In this study, the insects that possitively identified and detected for the presence of BDB inside and outside of the body was suspected to have the potential in transmitting BDB pathogens (Mairawita et al, 2012). To prove this, a BDB transmission test was carried out using the Drosophilidae insect as one of the potential vectors.…”

Toksisitas beberapa jenis fungisida komersial pada serangga penyerbuk, Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps Smith

“…Meliponini merupakan kelompok lebah dari Famili Apidae yang memiliki karakter khas berupa sengat yang tereduksi (Heard 1999) sehingga lebih dikenal dengan lebah tanpa sengat (stingless bee). Meliponini merupakan lebah non-Apis lokal yang seringkali ditemukan dalam jumlah besar sebagai pengunjung bunga dan memiliki potentsi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai polinator di sistem pertanian (Mairawita et al 2012;Putra & Kinasih 2014). Meliponini memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan dengan Apis, yaitu tidak berbahaya, dapat digunakan pada rumah kaca, dan relatif lebih resisten terhadap serangan penyakit dan parasit yang menyerang lebah Apis.…”

“…Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa propineb dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi Acetylcholine (Ach) pada sel syaraf melalui tiga mekanisme. Pada mekanisme pertama, propineb berinteraksi dengan reseptor nikotinik sehingga menstimulus pelepasan Ach (Marinovich et al 2002). Mekanisme kedua adalah propineb menyebabkan perubahan pada permeabilitas membran sehingga memberikan stimulus palsu pada sel untuk melepaskan Ach (Viviani et al 2008).…”

Kemelimpahan Dan Keragaman Jenis Parasitoid Hama Penggulung Daun Pisang Erionota Thrax L. Di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

“…Kerugian akibat kehilangan hasil yang disebabkan oleh hama ini bervariasi antara 10-30% (Emlias et al, 1997dalam Hasyim et al, 2003. Selain berperan sebagai hama pemakan daun pisang, yang lebih penting adalah E. thrax ini juga berperan sebagai agen penyebar bakteri penyebab penyakit darah pisang (blood disease bacterium) antar tanaman pisang (Suharjo et al, 2006;Mairawita et al, 2012).…”