Potensi Pengusulan Jenis Baru Peronosclerospora sorghi Asal Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract

Potential Proposal for A New Type of Peronosclerospora Sorghi from East Nusa Tenggara
 Downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospra can cause real economic damage. In Indonesia, it is known that there are three species of Peronosclerospora, namely P. maydis, P. phillippinenis, and P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis is the dominant species found in Indonesia. The three species can be identified from their morphological and molecular characters. However, the results of monitoring by the Kupang Agricultural Quarantine Station during 2016-2019 showed that the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi from NTT are different from the morphology from Java and Sulawesi in terms of the number of sterigmata formed from conidiophores. The number of P. sorghi sterigmata from NTT is less than in other locations. This will lead to a smaller number of conidia produced by P. sorghi from NTT. Based on the molecular analysis, the character of P. sorghi isolate from NTT is in a separated family tree from Java and Sulawesi isolates but is included in one group with P. sorghi isolates from USA. The results of morphological and molecular studies showed further study on host ranges, genetic diversity of the fungal isolates as well as shorgum should be considered in the future. Sorghum as the primary host of P. sorghi has been gathered for the genetic data of sorghum originating from NTT and then comparing to the data from Texas, USA. That information will be contributing to determine the identity of P. sorghi from NTT.

Genetic response of hybrid maize line to downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. infection

“…Research to test the dynamics and resistance to downy mildew was conducted in endemic areas of P. philippinensis (Bajeng, Gowa, South Sulawesi) and P. maydis (Kediri, East Java) [13,14]. Activities in the region of P. philippinensis species were carried out in late May to early September from 2020, 2021 and 2022, at IP2TP Bajeng, Gowa, South Sulawesi and for P. maydis species were carried out in Kandangan, Kediri, East Java.…”

Ketahanan tiga varietas jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap infeksi jamur penyakit bulai Peronosclerospora maydis

“…Jaringan epidermis, mesofil, dan jaringan vaskuler dapat mengalami kerusakan disebabkan oleh jamur penyebab bercak dan karat (Jeneria et al, 2015). Pada infeksi bulai, konidiofor bulai yang menyerang daun jagung merusak jaringan sampai ke bagian epidermis (Rustiani et al, 2015). Namun, pengamatan anatomi daun jagung yang terserang bulai belum dilakukan.…”

“…Spora jamur diamati dengan menempelkan selotip bening pada permukaan daun, kemudian direkatkan pada objek kaca yang telah ditetesi pewarna metilen biru 2%. Spora diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran hingga 400X (Rustiani et al, 2015;Hasanuddin, 2020). Tanaman jagung uji ditanam dalam polybag dengan media tanah, arang sekam, dan pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan 2:1:1 dan insektisida 5 g dengan bahan aktif karbofuran.…”

“…Stoma merupakan derivat epidermis, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa infeksi bulai menyerang daun jagung hingga jaringan epidermis. Rustiani et al (2015) juga menyatakan bahwa infeksi Peronosclerospora spp. pada daun jagung merusak jaringan sampai ke bagian epidermis.…”

Controlling of downy mildew on maize using a combination of varieties and mycorrhizae

“…In Indonesia, downy mildew is caused by three Peronosclerospora species, namely P. maydis, P. sorghi, and P. philippinensis. P. philipinensis is the dominant species in North Sulawesi and South Sulawesi [2][3][4]. Downy mildew control in maize is mostly done by combining resistant varieties with fungicides that are applied at the beginning of planting.…”