Potency of Stirred Microfiltration Cell in Separation of Fermented Beans as Protein Isolate for Natural Source of Folic Acid

Abstract

Protein isolate from soy bean (Glycine soja L.) tempeh, mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) tempeh and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tempeh are natural source of folic acid with main role in brain smartness. 0.15 µm microfiltration (MF) membrane fitted in dead-end stirred microfiltration cell (SMFC) was able to separate protein isolate from three (3) kinds of tempeh at stirrer rotation speed 400 rpm, room temperature and pressure 40 psia for 30 minutes. The result of experimental work showed that SMFC had potential use in separation of protein isolate affected by kinds of bean and membrane performance on isolate composition in retentate and permeate. SMFC was able to retain better protein isolate in retentate than that passing across permeate. Retentate of protein isolate from soy bean tempeh, mung bean tempeh and kidney bean tempeh had subsequently compositions of folic acid 362.07, 254.07 and 506.07 µg/mL, total solids 5.56, 4.08 and 1.82 %, N-Amino 4.34, 3.36 and 0.56 mg/mL, and dissolved protein 0.79, 0.34 and 0.72 mg/mL. In this process condition, SMFC was able to increase folic acid in protein isolate retentate of soy tempeh of 0.59 times, mung bean tempeh of 1.1 times and kydney bean tempeh of 1.42 times before purification process in retentate. Based on both SMFC performance and efficiency, all the best purification optimization were obtained kidney beans tempeh. Identification of monomer of kidney bean tempeh protein isolate gave monomers of folic acid, glutamic acid and folic acid fractionation with molecular weight of 443.5797, 148.1643 and 221.2132 Da. and relative intensity of 1.28, 50.11 and 7.05 %, respectively.

Employing an R Software Package rsm for Optimizing of Genistein, Daidzein, and Glycitein Separation and Its Application for Soy Milk Analysis by HPLC Method

“…The BBD model has been generated using R software with the formula of bbd (3,randomize=FALSE). This formula resulted in 16 runs for RSM experimental model, including four central point replications agreed with BBD number of experiments formula: 2k(k-1)+Cp, where k represents the number of factors and Cp represents the replicate number of the central point [15].…”

“…The percentage of methanol (X1), flowrate (X2), and column temperature (X3) were selected as independent variables, whereas HPLC separation responses namely retention time (Y1), resolution (Y2), tailing factor (Y3), and theoretical plates number (Y4) was selected as dependent variables. The BBD design for this study was generated using R software using the following formula: > library(rsm) > bbd (3,randomize=FALSE) Every independent variable was coded as -1, 0, and +1 for low, medium, and high levels, respectively. The coded levels of variables and their values are presented in Table 1.…”

“…Functional food from soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill) has attracted much attention in recent years due to their beneficial effects on immune function, brain function, and neurochemistry towards healthy people [1]. It was stated that soy foods were not only providing highquality protein and healthful fat but also having health benefits such as reducing the risk of coronary heart disease, performing an anticancer activity for breast and prostate cancer, improving renal function, brain smartness, and skin health [2][3]. In the previous studies [4][5][6], several biological activities of soy foods indicated the presence of isoflavones content as bioactive compounds.…”

Off‐flavour compounds in collagen peptides from fish: Formation, detection and removal

“…Ultrafiltration is characterised by simple operation, low energy consumption and high‐efficiency attribute, so it is widely used in deodorization treatment. Ultrafiltration is a membrane separation method that utilises the microporous structure of a semi‐permeable membrane, which is driven by external pressure to achieve selective separation and recovery (Aspiyanto et al ., 2021). Geng et al .…”