Potency of Lignocellulose Degrading Bacteria Isolated From Buffalo and Horse Gastrointestinal Tract and Elephant Dung for Feed Fiber Degradation

Abstract

Lignin is limiting factor for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation in rumen. Isolation and selection bacteria from buffalo and horse gastrointestinal tract and elephant dung could be found bacteria that have superiority to degrade lignin, xylan, and cellulose. Those animals were chosen because they were herbivores that consume low quality crude fiber as their main energy sources. Lignocellulose degrading bacteria were isolated by Hungate selective media, by using lignin (tannic acid), xylan, and cellulose as selective substrates. The morphological identification used an enrichment media by measuring color, colony size, diffusion zone, clear zone, and biochemical identification using production of ligninase, xylanase, and cellulase enzymes. The best lignocellulose degrading bacteria then was determined by the morphological and biochemical character. This study showed that lignocellulose degrading bacteria could be found in gastrointestinal tract of buffalo and horse, and elephant dung. Highest number colony was found in samples from buffalo's colon (376), followed by horse's cecum ( 203), elephant's dung ( 46), buffalo's cecum ( 23), buffalo's rumen ( 9) and horse's colon (7). The highest isolates activity of lignolytic, xylanolytic, and cellulolytic were reached by buffalo's cecum (7.64), horse's cecum (6.27), and buffalo's colon (2.48). Meanwhile the highest enzymes productivities were: buffalo's cecum (0.0400 µmol), horse's cecum (1.3912 µmol) and buffalo's colon (0.1971 µmol). Based on morphologycal character and biochemical test, it could be concluded that lignolytic from buffalo's cecum, xylanolytic from horse's cecum, and cellulolytic from buffalo's colon were the superior isolates and they were 99% analyzed as Enterococcus casseliflavus/gallinarum species.

Characterization of cellulase producing Bacillus sp. for effective degradation of leaf litter biomass

“…In the present study, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from cow dung, among which three (designated as AS1, AS2, and AS3) were efficient producer of extracellular cellulases as observed by clear hydrolysis zones after Congo red staining. Similarly, lignocellulolytic bacteria were reported from goat's feces . Aerobic bacterial strains (AS1, AS2, and AS3) were Gram positive and rod shaped and showed positive tests for oxidase, catalase, nitrate reduction, and bile esculin and negative for KOH, citrate utilization, and V–P reaction, whereas strain AS1 gave the positive test for urease in contrast to AS2 and AS3 (Table ).…”

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a CellulolyticBacillus amyloliquefaciensStrain SS35 from Rhinoceros Dung

“…Also, the habitat of bacteria covers different environmental niches, which favors the existence of versatile strains such as thermophiles [12], psychrophiles, alkaliphiles, and acidophiles. The culturable cellulase producing bacteria have been isolated from the variety of sources such as composting heaps, decaying agricultural wastes, the feces of cow [13] and elephant, gastrointestinal tract of buffalo and horse [14], soil, and extreme environments like hot-springs [15]. Cellulose degrading bacteria play an important role in energy supply for forage animals.…”

“…Cellulose degrading bacteria play an important role in energy supply for forage animals. Wahyudi et al [14] and Varga and Kovler [16] have reported that the feed fibers were not completely converted to animal product in intensive animal farming, and 20–70% undigested cellulose was carried out with feces. Some studies have explained that the crude fiber degradation in gut is not optimal, and the fiber content of feces is still high [17], which can be utilized efficiently by microbes present in the feces of the herbivores.…”

Isolation and Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Gut of Three Phytophagus Insect Species

“…S. marcescens isolated from soil exhibited cellulase activity (Sethi et al 2013). E. casseliflavus/ gallinarum species isolated from buffalo's and horse's cecum and buffalo's colon were able to degrade lignin, xylan and cellulose, respectively (Wahyudi et al 2010). Y. pestis, pathogenic to human and other animals, has also been reported as cellulase producer (uniport data bank).…”