Potato Steroidal Alkaloids and Neural Tube Defects: Serum Concentrations Fail to Demonstrate a Causal Relation

Harvey, Michael; Morris, B.; McMillan, Mary

doi:10.1177/096032718600500406

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…At the same time, there were no variations between PB-PS and control groups, in accordance with Dalvi (1985). Comparative assessment of the effect of solanine administered on hepatic dysfunction in male rats was done by Harvey et al (1986).…”

Section: Blood Parameterssupporting

confidence: 60%

Potato by-Products as Animal Feed. 1-Physical Properties and Semen Characteristics of Rahmany Rams as Affected by Potato by-Products Solanine.

Saleh

El-Aziz

Khalifa

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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Nine Rahmany rams with an average body weight of 70.35 ± 1.7 kg and 3 years of age were used at El-Serw Experimental Research Station to study the effect of silage and hay of potato by-product (vine and greenish spots small and damage tubers) on feeding values and semen characteristics. Rams were randomly divided into three treatment groups, assigned to three trials with three experimental rations. The first trial was to evaluate digestibility and nutritive values; the second trial to estimate blood parameters and the third trial was carried out to evaluate semen characteristics. The experimental diets were given according to NRC (1990), first group fed 50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 50% berseem hay as a control (CBH), second group fed 50% CFM + 50% potato by-products + 5% molasses + 3% urea as silage (PB-PS) and third group fed 50% CFM + 50% potato by-products hay (PB-PH). The experiment lasted for 12 weeks .The obtained results showed that digestibility of crude protein and ether extract of PB-PH decreased than of PB-PS and CBH groups. Also, DCP significantly decreased in PB-PH (P < 0.05) in comparison to the other treatments. Results explained that blood parameters for group fed PB-PH were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased (RBC, total protein, albumin, globulin and cholesterol). However, hematocrit, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and bilirubin values of PB-PH group were significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared to PB-PS and CBH groups. Ration containing CBH and PB-PS recorded higher (P < 0.05) semen characteristics than PB-PH ration. Ejaculate volume was 1.65 ± 0.07, 1.63 ± 0.13 and 1.48 ± 0.17 ml for ram groups fed CBH, PB-PS and PB-PH, respectively .The percentage of sperm motility was lower for PB-PH group (80.5 ± 3.86) than both CBH (87.39 ± 1.37) and PB-PS (86.11 ± 1.43). Rations containing CBH and PB-PS led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in live spermatozoa compared with PB-PH ration. Feeding CBH and PB-PS rations accompanied with higher sperm cell concentration than for those fed PB-PH ration. The sperm cell concentration was 3.73 ± 0.14, 3.66 ± 0.15 and 2.86 ± 0.90 x 10 9 /ml for rams were fed CBH, PB-PS and PB-PH, respectively. The feed cost was decrease with PB-PS and PB-PH compared with the control one. Therefore, the present study found that potato by-products silage could improve nutrition and semen characteristics in rams and reduce feed cost.

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Section: Blood Parameterssupporting

confidence: 60%

Potato by-Products as Animal Feed. 1-Physical Properties and Semen Characteristics of Rahmany Rams as Affected by Potato by-Products Solanine.

Saleh

El-Aziz

Khalifa

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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“…Seminal studies by Kuhn and Löw ( − ) and by Ripperger and colleagues ( , ) carried out in Germany beginning in the 1950s clarified the fundamental chemistry of glycoalkaloids. Other important studies include those by Pokrovskii () in Russia in 1956 and by Orgell ands Vaidya in 1958 () on the inhibition of cholinesterase; by Heftmann ( − ) at this laboratory on the biosynthesis; by Rühl () in Germany and Nishie and colleagues at this laboratory () on the pharmacology and toxicology; by Sinden and colleagues at the USDA laboratory in Beltsville, MD, on the role of foliar leptine glycoalkaloids in plant resistance (); by Roddick and colleagues in the United Kingdom ( , ) and by Keukens and colleagues in The Netherlands ( − ) on the disruption of cell membranes; on the possible teratogenicity in humans in the United Kingdom ( − ); and by Friedman and collaborators on analysis ( 2 , − , activities in frog embryos ( − ), and suppression of genes that encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis ( 1 , − . Recent findings on the (a) development of ELISA () and biosensor () methods; (b) development of low-glycoalkaloid, high-quality potato protein ( , ); (c) development of improved transgenic () and organic potatoes (); (d) discovery of calystegine alkaloids in tubers (); (e) effects in humans (); and (f) beneficial effects against human cancer cells ( , …”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Potato Glycoalkaloids and Metabolites: Roles in the Plant and in the Diet

Friedman

2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

535

481

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Potatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing energy (starch), high-quality protein, fiber, and vitamins. Potatoes also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. These include glycoalkaloids, calystegine alkaloids, protease inhibitors, lectins, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll. Because glycoalkaloids are reported to be involved in host-plant resistance and to have a variety of adverse as well as beneficial effects in cells, animals, and humans, a need exists to develop a clearer understanding of their roles both in the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the (a) history of glycoalkaloids; (b) glycoalkaloid content in different parts of the potato plant, in processed potato products, and in wild, transgenic, and organic potatoes; (c) biosynthesis, inheritance, plant molecular biology, and glycoalkaloid-plant phytopathogen relationships; (d) dietary significance with special focus on the chemistry, analysis, and nutritional quality of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein; (e) pharmacology and toxicology of the potato glycoalkaloids comprising alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine and their hydrolysis products (metabolites); (f) anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects; and (g) possible dietary consequences of concurrent consumption of glycoalkaloids and other biologically active compounds present in fresh and processed potatoes. An enhanced understanding of the multiple and overlapping aspects of glycoalkaloids in the plant and in the diet will benefit producers and consumers of potatoes.

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“…Initially, it was thought that GAs were teratogenic on the basis of a limited epidemiology 171; however, subsequent epidemiological studies in man and developmental toxicity studies in laboratory animals did not confirm that GAs cause an increase in neural tube defects in humans 172–175.…”

Section: Glycoalkaloids (Gas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaloids in the human food chain – Natural occurrence and possible adverse effects

Koleva

Beek

Soffers

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

155

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Alkaloid-containing plants are an intrinsic part of the regular Western diet. The present paper summarizes the occurrence of alkaloids in the food chain, their mode of action and possible adverse effects including a safety assessment. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a reason for concern because of their bioactivation to reactive alkylating intermediates. Several quinolizidine alkaloids, β-carboline alkaloids, ergot alkaloids and steroid alkaloids are active without bioactivation and mostly act as neurotoxins. Regulatory agencies are aware of the risks and have taken or are considering appropriate regulatory actions for most alkaloids. These vary from setting limits for the presence of a compound in feed, foods and beverages, trying to define safe upper limits, advising on a strategy aiming at restrictions in use, informing the public to be cautious or taking specific plant varieties from the market. For some alkaloids known to be present in the modern food chain, e.g., piperine, nicotine, theobromine, theophylline and tropane alkaloids risks coming from the human food chain are considered to be low if not negligible. Remarkably, for many alkaloids that are known constituents of the modern food chain and of possible concern, tolerable daily intake values have so far not been defined.

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Potato Steroidal Alkaloids and Neural Tube Defects: Serum Concentrations Fail to Demonstrate a Causal Relation

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Potato by-Products as Animal Feed. 1-Physical Properties and Semen Characteristics of Rahmany Rams as Affected by Potato by-Products Solanine.

Potato by-Products as Animal Feed. 1-Physical Properties and Semen Characteristics of Rahmany Rams as Affected by Potato by-Products Solanine.

Potato Glycoalkaloids and Metabolites: Roles in the Plant and in the Diet

Alkaloids in the human food chain – Natural occurrence and possible adverse effects

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