“…tropics (Midmore et al 1986(Midmore et al , 1988Midmore 1988). These practices are now gaining acceptance in new Successful commercial production of potatoes by potato production zones, particularly in the lowlands farmers in warm and hot tropical climates depends of South East Asia (Page & Horton 1987) after upon the use of the appropriate agronomic practices, adaptation to local conditions (Vander Zaag et al correct choice of suitably adapted genotypes and the 1986, Vander Zaag & Demagante 1987).…”
Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021859600071537How to cite this article: D. J. Midmore and J. Roca (1992). Influence of production and storage conditions on subsequent growth and tuber yield of potato ( Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics.
“…tropics (Midmore et al 1986(Midmore et al , 1988Midmore 1988). These practices are now gaining acceptance in new Successful commercial production of potatoes by potato production zones, particularly in the lowlands farmers in warm and hot tropical climates depends of South East Asia (Page & Horton 1987) after upon the use of the appropriate agronomic practices, adaptation to local conditions (Vander Zaag et al correct choice of suitably adapted genotypes and the 1986, Vander Zaag & Demagante 1987).…”
Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021859600071537How to cite this article: D. J. Midmore and J. Roca (1992). Influence of production and storage conditions on subsequent growth and tuber yield of potato ( Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics.
“…Analysis of data on ground cover did not reveal significant differences between treatments in the mulch and plant density trials carried out in 2008 at Mparambo except when plots mulched at planting time were compared to the others ( p < 0.05). The average ground cover obtained from those experiments is shown in Figure 2A and B. Organic mulch and denser plant population are usually reported to enhance foliage development and canopy cover of the soil (He et al ., 1998; Midmore, 1984; Midmore et al ., 1986a). Figure 2.Ground cover of the mulch (A) and plant density (B) trials, and LAI (C) for the plant density trial conducted at Mparambo in 2008.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mulching was found to be useful for potato emergence and the emergence rate was best when rice straw mulch was used immediately after planting. The positive effect of straw mulch on potato emergence has been reported to be caused by an improvement of water conservation and decreases of soil temperature (Awan, 1964; Kar and Kumar, 2007; Midmore, 1984; 1988; Midmore et al ., 1986a; 1986b; Ramakrishna et al ., 2006). This is in agreement with our results, especially when contrasts were used in analysing variance of emergence rate variable.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another possible means to increase tuber yield is through mulching. Mulching has been reported to be effective for increasing potato yield in hot climates (Awan, 1964; He et al ., 1998; Kar and Kumar, 2007; Midmore, 1983; Midmore et al ., 1986a; 1986b). In India, a study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 in an area (139 masl) where the mean monthly maximum temperature ranges from 29.4 °C (December) to 46.2 °C (May).…”
Two types of experiments on the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum) were conducted in the lowlands of Burundi, one on the use of rice straw mulch and another on planting densities. Contrary to what was expected, effects of mulch were evident on plant emergence only, tuber yield and components being unaffected. This might be due to the use of heat tolerant genotypes. At the same time, the yields obtained with four different plant population densities corresponding to four distances between rows did not differ significantly according to the ANOVA analysis. However, a very strong correlation was found between tuber yield and distance between rows. This trial allowed us to achieve a tuber yield never previously reached in the lowlands of Burundi: an average of 23.5 t ha −1 of fresh matter equivalent to 4.2 t ha −1 of dry matter was obtained.
“…Agronomic practices that reduce soil evaporation should tend to increase water productivity. In a study of the benefits of surface mulches on yield, Midmore et al (1986b) showed that mulch increased tuber yield during the summer in Lima by 20%. Although it was not directly determined how much water productivity might have been affected, Midmore et al (1986a) did conclude that mulch always increased soil-moisture retention.…”
Section: Impact Of Agronomic Practices On Water Usementioning
Substantially increasing the productivity of water used in agriculture is essential to meet goals of food and environmental security. Achieving these increases requires research that spans scales of analysis and disciplines. In spite of its importance, we do not have a common conceptual framework and language to facilitate research and communication among stakeholders. The objective of this chapter is to propose a common conceptual framework for water productivity. In a broad sense, productivity of water is related to the value or benefit derived from the use of water. Definitions of water productivity differ based on the background of the researcher or stakeholder. For example, obtaining more kilograms per unit of transpiration is an important means of expressing productivity of water when the interest of analysis is crops. At the basin scale, obtaining more value from water used from irrigated and rain-fed crops, forests, fisheries, ecosystems and other uses is of importance. There are several interrelated definitions of water productivity that are important across scales and domains of analyses. We propose in this chapter a set of definitions for water productivity and show how these are related across scales.As the analysis moves from individual plants to fields, farms, irrigation systems and water basins, different processes and means of analysis are important. Understanding how measures of water productivity scale up and scale down provides the key to how a group of people of diverse disciplines can work together on this topic. For example, crop scientists and breeders may focus on obtaining more mass per unit of transpiration, while planners and economists may consider policies to allocate water and land resources between different uses. To capture the full benefits of improved water productivity at farm level, it is necessary to integrate these with system-and basin-level changes. We provide a framework to show the interrelationship of the work of various disciplines. 4 D. Molden et al. Box 1.1. Water-accounting definitions.Gross inflow is the total amount of water flowing into the water-balance domain from precipitation and from surface and subsurface sources.Net inflow is the gross inflow plus any changes in storage.Water depletion is a use or removal of water from a water basin that renders it unavailable for further use. Water depletion is a key concept for water accounting, as interest is focused mostly on the productivity and the derived benefits per unit of water depleted. It is extremely important to distinguish water depletion from water diverted to a service or use, as not all water diverted to a use is depleted. Water is depleted by four generic processes:Evaporation: water is vaporized from surfaces or transpired by plants.Flows to sinks: water flows into a sea, saline groundwater or other location where it is not readily or economically recovered for reuse.Pollution: water quality gets degraded to an extent where it is unfit for certain uses.Incorporation into a product: through an industrial...
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