Effective management of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] production is important to ensure optimum seed yield and oil composition. The objectives of this study were to determine camelina seed yield, oil concentration, estimate nutrient removal and N use efficiency as influenced by N and S application. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate S rates (0 and 20 kg ha-1) and N fertilizer rates (0, 22, 45 and 90 kg ha-1) effect on camelina productivity and fatty acid composition over two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). Results showed S application had no effect on seed yield and oil concentration. Averaged across N rates, protein concentration increased with S application compared to the control. Seed yield showed quadratic response to N fertilizer application with maximum yield occurring at 54 kg N ha-1. However, economic optimum N rate ranged from 18 to 43 kg N ha-1. Nutrient removal, protein concentration, protein and oil yield, and estimated biodiesel was maximum at 45 kg N ha-1. The maximum amounts of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and S removed were 49, 8, 10, and 7 kg ha-1, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and agronomic efficiency (NAE) decreased when N fertilizer rates were above 22 kg N ha-1. Application of N or S had no effect on proportions of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Our findings suggest camelina required 18 to 43 kg N ha-1 when grown in rain-fed systems in water-limited environments.