Potassium leaching during triglyceride transesterification using K/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

Alonso, David Martín; Mariscal, R.; Moreno‐Tost, Ramón; Poves, M.D. Zafra; Granados, M. Lòpez

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2007.04.003

Cited by 156 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Biodiesel yields exhibited no apparent decrease and surmounted 93% in every run for 8 runs. The reusabilities of different solid bases for biodiesel preparation varied greatly: SrO maintained sustained activity even after being used for 10 cycles and the biodiesel yield was only slightly decreased ; for alkaline metal supported catalyst, such as K/γ-Al 2 O 3 , a large catalyst activity loss could be observed even when recycled twice, potassium leaching being confirmed by instrumental methods (Alonso et al 2007). Na 3 PO 4 showed similar reusability with SrO.…”

Section: Catalyst Reusabilitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Sodium phosphate as a solid catalyst for biodiesel preparation

Jiang¹,

Zhang²,

Pan³

2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) was chosen as catalyst for biodiesel preparation from rapeseed oil. The effects of mass ratio of catalyst to oil, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and rotation speed on biodiesel yield were investigated. For a mass ratio of catalyst to oil of 3%, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, reaction temperature of 343K and rotation speed of 600rpm, the transesterification was nearly completed within 20 minutes. Na 3 PO 4 has a similar activity to homogeneous catalysts. Na 3 PO 4 could be used repeatedly for 8 runs without any activation treatment and no obvious activity loss was observed. The concentrations of catalyst in biodiesel ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 mg/g. Compared to Na 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 .10H 2 O was cheaper, but the final yield was 71.3%, much lower than that of Na 3 PO 4 at 99.7%.

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Section: Catalyst Reusabilitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Sodium phosphate as a solid catalyst for biodiesel preparation

Jiang¹,

Zhang²,

Pan³

2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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“…1. Two strong bands at 1,457 and 1,385 cm -1 were obtained from K 2 CO 3 ; these bands, which were attributed to carbonate species [21][22][23], were also observed in the spectrum of the synthesized K 2 CO 3 /MgO catalyst, indicating that the K 2 CO 3 was successfully loaded on to the surface of the MgO. The measured BET surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO

Dong³

et al. 2011

Res Chem Intermed

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A series of M/MgO (M = CaO, KNO 3 , KOH, K 2 CO 3 ) catalysts were prepared by a dry impregnation method and used for synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate. It was found that K 2 CO 3 /MgO was the most efficient catalyst, with a glycerol carbonate yield of approximately 99% under the conditions: DMC/glycerol molar ratio 2.5:1, catalyst/raw material weight ratio 1%, reaction time 2 h, and reaction temperature 80°C. FTIR, BET, TEM, and XRD were used for characterization of the catalyst and showed that the active sites seemed to be K 2 O formed on the K 2 CO 3 /MgO catalyst. Finally, a recycling experiment showed that the catalyst was relatively stable and could be reused up to four times, at least, by regeneration.

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“…A number of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production actually contain homogeneous catalytic phases such as sodium methoxide [1], calcium methoxide-like compounds [17], and/or some active species [11,24] leached out from the heterogeneous catalysts. As a result, these heterogeneous catalysts become deactivated quickly.…”

Section: Effect Of Washing Agent On Catalytic Activity Of Metal Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sodium on the catalytic activity of ZnO–Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO–Al2O3/ZSM-5 for the transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol

Kim

Yan

Salley

et al. 2009

Catalysis Communications

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In order to elucidate the effect of sodium on the activity of ZSM-5 supported metal oxides catalysts (ZnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5) for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol, ZSM-5 supported metal oxides were prepared with and without sodium hydroxide by impregnation. The metal compositions of the ZSM-5 supported metal oxide catalysts and the metal concentrations dissolved from the catalysts to the methylester phase were measured by SEM-EDS and inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy, respectively. The catalytic activity of ZnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 containing sodium did not originate from surface metal oxides sites, but from surface sodium sites or dissolved sodium leached from the catalyst surface.

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Potassium leaching during triglyceride transesterification using K/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

Cited by 156 publications

References 22 publications

Sodium phosphate as a solid catalyst for biodiesel preparation

Sodium phosphate as a solid catalyst for biodiesel preparation

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO

The effect of sodium on the catalytic activity of ZnO–Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO–Al2O3/ZSM-5 for the transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol

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