Potassium-ion battery cathodes: Past, present, and prospects

Wu, Zhenrui; Zou, Jian; Chen, Shulin; Niu, Xiaobin; Liu, Jian; Wang, Liping

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229307

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are among the most promising candidates for large‐scale electric energy storage systems (EESs) due to their unique advantages. [ 1–26 ] For instance, i) PIBs support higher operating voltage and energy density than non‐lithium (Na, Mg, etc.) batteries because the standard reduction potential of potassium (−2.93 V vs E 0 ) is more negative than that of non‐lithium elements ( Figure a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium‐Based Batteries

et al. 2021

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202101131. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention becauseof their high energy density and low-cost. As such, much effort has focused on developing electrode materials and electrolytes for PIBs at the material levels. This review begins with an overview of the high-performance electrode materials and electrolytes, and then evaluates their prospects and challenges for practical PIBs to penetrate the market. The current status of PIBs for safe operation, energy density, power density, cyclability, and sustainability is discussed and future studies for electrode materials, electrolytes, and electrode-electrolyte interfaces are identified. It is anticipated that this review will motivate research and development to fill existing gaps for practical potassium-based full batteries so that they may be commercialized in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium‐Based Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…[ 3,4 ] The disadvantage of undersupply of natural lithium reserves in the earth's crust (such as Li 2 CO 3 ) has been a main reason and significant challenge triggering the ever‐increasing commercial price of LIBs, impeding the broad application fields of LIBs, and limiting their long‐term prospects and sustainable development. [ 5,6 ] The design of other metal‐ion batteries using more abundant alkali elements has become an urgent trend, particularly for large‐scale practical applications that have to take sufficient natural resources and acceptable materials costs into account. [ 7–10 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Present cathode materials mainly involve polyanion compounds, metal oxides, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), organics, etc. [ 6 ] These cathode materials cannot simultaneously realize both high capacity and high redox voltage. [ 26 ] For example, polyanion compounds possess reaction potentials normally above 3.5 V, resulting from the polyanion effect, but display low capacity (below 100 mA h g −1 ) due to the limited lattice space to accommodate intercalation of potassium ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Potassium–Selenium Batteries

Huang

Guo

Dou

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Rechargeable potassium-selenium (K-Se) batteries, as an emerging electrochemical energy storage system, has recently captured intensive attention due to the desirable natural abundance and low redox potential of elemental potassium as well as the relatively high electronic conductivity and impressive theoretical volumetric capacity of elemental selenium. Although great progress on cathode materials design and electrochemical performance improvement has been made, K-Se batteries are still confronted with a series of key challenges, including low reactive activity, shuttle effect, volume expansion, potassium dendrite growth, and high chemical activity of potassium metal. The recent advances in rechargeable K-Se batteries are comprehensively summarized with an emphasis on discussing the electrochemical mechanisms and central challenges, presenting the synthesis, properties, and electrochemical performance of selenium-based cathode materials, and extending potential tactics for tackling the key issues and developmental directions for future research.

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“…9 To date, the reported anode materials mainly include intercalation, conversion, organic compounds, and alloying type based on the relevant reaction mechanism, 10 and the cathode materials for PIBs primarily incorporate Prussian blue analogues, 11 layered transitional metal oxides, 12 organic materials, 13 and polyanionic compounds. 14 Typically, transi-tional metal oxides (K x M y O z , M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, etc.) were applied as cathode materials due to their short ionic diffusion path, high specific capacity, and environmental friendliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is more challenging to explore suitable electrode hosts for PIBs caused by a much larger ion radius of K + (1.38 A°) than that of Li + (1.02 A°) . To date, the reported anode materials mainly include intercalation, conversion, organic compounds, and alloying type based on the relevant reaction mechanism, and the cathode materials for PIBs primarily incorporate Prussian blue analogues, layered transitional metal oxides, organic materials, and polyanionic compounds . Typically, transitional metal oxides (K x M y O z , M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum Fluoride Coating on Layered Vanadium-Based Cathode Materials with Enhanced K Storage Performance in the High Potential Range

et al. 2021

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Layered transitional metal oxides are regarded as the most potential cathode materials in the upcoming K-ion batteries with the advantages of a short ionic diffusion path, high specific capacity, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, due to the large ionic radius of K+, they usually suffer from the collapse of the structure and the possibility of decomposition of the electrolyte, especially in the high voltage range, resulting in fast capacity loss. Herein, typical potassium-rich vanadium-based oxide (K0.486V2O5) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction and further coated with AlF3 by liquid-assistant methodology. The as-modified KVO/AlF3(3 wt %) shows significantly enhanced cyclic performance and rate performance compared to bare KVO in the high potential (1.5–4.1 V) as well as normal ranges (1.5–3.8 V). The results suggest that a proper thickness of the AlF3 coating layer can effectively stabilize the crystal structure of KVO and suppress the harmful side reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte, prompting KVO/AlF3-3 to exhibit a much higher energy density than the bulk one. This work contributes to the important basic scientific significance of surface coating methodology for the development and application of layered transitional metal oxides in K-ion batteries.

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Potassium-ion battery cathodes: Past, present, and prospects

Cited by 48 publications

References 179 publications

Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium‐Based Batteries

Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium‐Based Batteries

Rechargeable Potassium–Selenium Batteries

Aluminum Fluoride Coating on Layered Vanadium-Based Cathode Materials with Enhanced K Storage Performance in the High Potential Range

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