Posture-Transformed Monkey Phantoms Developed from a Visible Monkey

Abstract

A monkey phantom is of significant value for electromagnetic radiation (EMR) dosimetry simulations. Furthermore, phantoms in various postures are needed because living beings are exposed to EMR in various postures during their daily routine. In this study, we attempted to produce monkey phantoms based on three daily postures of a rhesus monkey. From our Visible Monkey project, we selected surface models with 177 monkey structures. In the surface models, 52 virtual joints were created to allow for changes from the anatomical position to quadrupedal and sitting positions using commercial software. The surface models of the three positions were converted into monkey voxel phantoms. These phantoms were arranged in three positions, and the number of voxels and mass of each structure were analyzed. The phantoms in anatomical, quadrupedal, and sitting positions have a total of 5,054,022, 5,174,453, and 4,803,886 voxels, respectively. The mass of 177 structures in three positions were also calculated based on the number of voxels. By comparing the monkey phantom with the phantom of a female human, we confirmed thicker skin, less fat, heavier muscle, and a lighter skeleton in monkeys than those in humans. Through posture-transformed monkey phantoms, more precise EMR simulations could be possible. The ultimate purpose of this study is to determine the effects of EMR on humans. For this purpose, we will create posture-transformed human phantoms in a following study using the techniques employed herein and the human phantoms from our previous study.

Movable Surface Models of Hand Joints Using Visible Korean

“…However, the surface models of the phalanges and the metacarpal bones from the second to fifth were not identical to real hand, and they needed to be trimmed. In Maya version 2018 (Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA), the distal and proximal articular surfaces of the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges and of the metacarpal bones were trimmed to create convex and concave articular surfaces using 'Move, Smooth, Relax, Grab, and Flatten' tools to make them more similar to the those of a living body (Kim et al, 2021b).…”