“…Even though automation has proliferated in recent years, manual material handling is still common in agriculture. Many studies have identified its association with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in various kinds of agricultural work, such as a dairy farm [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13], a swinery [14,15,16], a poultry farm [17,18,19], rice cultivation [20], and a pear and apple orchard [21]. These studies have confirmed that static awkward postures and repetitive movements of certain body segments are the risk factors of MSDs.…”