Posttraumatic Stress Disorder three years after the siege of Sarajevo

Rosner, Rita; Powell, Steve; Butollo, Willi

doi:10.1002/jclp.10116

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Bramsen & Van Der Ploeg, 1999; Glaesmer et al, 2010; Glück et al, 2012). A similar PTSD rate (38.6%) was reported among a group of individuals undergoing medical treatment in a study of the victims of war in the former Yugoslavia three years after the war (Rosner, Powell, & Butollo, 2003). Additionally, the level of depression in the studied group was high.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Polish World War II survivors: the role of social acknowledgement

Lis-Turlejska

Szumiał²,

Drapała³

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: There is growing evidence of the important role played by socio-interpersonal variables on the maintenance of PTSD. Many World War II survivors in Poland could, as a result of political circumstances during the aftermath of the war, have experienced a lack of social recognition of their war-related trauma. Objective: The main aim of the study was to examine the association between perceived social reactions and the level of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD) and depression. Method: Participants (N = 120) were aged 71–97 years (M = 82.44; SD = 6.14). They completed a WWII trauma-related questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The Social Acknowledgement Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to measure participants’ perception of others’ acknowledgement and disapproval of their war trauma. Results: The rate of probable PTSD, diagnosed according to DSM-IV, was 38.3%. PTSD symptoms and General Disapproval were significantly correlated for all three PTSD symptom groups (Pearson’s r ranged from .25 to .41). The structural equation modelling results also demonstrated the importance of General Disapproval with regard to the level of PTSD symptoms. It explained both the intensity of PTSD symptoms (13.4% of variance) and the level of depression (12.0% of variance). Conclusion: In addition to confirming the high rate of PTSD among WWII survivors in Poland, the results indicate the importance of social reactions to survivors’ traumatic experiences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Polish World War II survivors: the role of social acknowledgement

Lis-Turlejska

Szumiał²,

Drapała³

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…However, many previous relevant studies have been done in very extreme situations, such as war and civil conflict, which was not the case in Israel. [16][17][18] The adaptive responses seen in this study may be explained by an accommodation effect, in which the stress and distress created by traumatic events decrease as they recur. Accommodation effects were reported during the 1991 Gulf War as Israelis became habituated to the repeated missile attacks to which they were subjected, 11,12 as well as during the German blitz during World War II when Londoners endured long and constant bombing.…”

Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 84%

Exposure to Terrorism, Stress-Related Mental Health Symptoms, and Coping Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample in Israel

Bleich

Gelkopf

Solomon

2003

JAMA

565

462

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ContextThe terrorist attacks on Israeli society have been ongoing since September 2000. However, few studies have examined the impact of terrorism on nationally representative population samples, and no study has examined the psychological impact of ongoing terrorism in Israel.Objectives To determine the level of exposure to terrorist attacks and the prevalence of traumatic stress-related (TSR) symptoms, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sense of safety after 19 months of terrorism in Israel, and to identify correlates of the psychological sequelae and the modes of coping with the terrorism. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsTelephone survey conducted April-May 2002, using a strata sampling method, of 902 eligible households and a representative sample of 742 Israeli residents older than 18 years (82% contact rate) and a final participation of 512 (57%).Main Outcome Measures Number of TSR symptoms, rates of those with symptom criteria for PTSD and acute stress disorder assessed by the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, self-reported feelings of depression, optimism, sense of safety, help-seeking, and modes of coping. ResultsOf 512 survey participants, 84 (16.4%) had been directly exposed to a terrorist attack and 191 (37.3%) had a family member or friend who had been exposed. Of 510 participants who responded to questions about TSR symptoms, 391 (76.7%) had at least 1 TSR symptom (mean, 4.0 [SD, 4.5]; range, 0-23; mean intensity, 0.8; range, 0-4). Symptom criteria for PTSD were met by 48 participants (9.4%) and criteria for acute stress disorder, by 1 participant; 299 (58.6%) reported feeling depressed. The majority of respondents expressed optimism about their personal future (421/512 [82.2%]) and the future of Israel (307/509 [66.8%]), and expressed selfefficacy with regard to their ability to function in a terrorist attack (322/431 [74.6%]). Most expressed a low sense of safety with respect to themselves (307/509 [60.4%]) and their relatives (345/507 [67.9%]). Few reported a need for professional help (27/ 506 [5.3%]). Female sex, sense of safety, and use of tranquilizers, alcohol, and cigarettes to cope were associated with TSR symptoms and symptom criteria for PTSD; level of exposure and objective risk were not. The most prevalent coping mechanisms were active information search about loved ones and social support. ConclusionsConsidering the nature and length of the Israeli traumatic experience, the psychological impact may be considered moderate. Although the survey participants showed distress and lowered sense of safety, they did not develop high levels of psychiatric distress, which may be related to a habituation process and to coping mechanisms.

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“…Even after several years, the aftereffects of the war are still apparent (Plante, Simicic, Andersen, & Manuel, 2002). Regardless of cultural origin, however, most of those who survive traumatic events do not develop lasting psychiatric disorders (Rosner, Powell, & Butollo, 2003).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study of Resilience Factors of Bosnian Refugee Women Resettled in the Southern United States

Sossou

Craig

Ogren

et al. 2008

Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder three years after the siege of Sarajevo

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Polish World War II survivors: the role of social acknowledgement

Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Polish World War II survivors: the role of social acknowledgement

Exposure to Terrorism, Stress-Related Mental Health Symptoms, and Coping Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample in Israel

A Qualitative Study of Resilience Factors of Bosnian Refugee Women Resettled in the Southern United States

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